Plantation Crops and the Slavery System Essay

Plantation crops and the slavery system changed between 1800 and 1860 because of the industrial revolution. After the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, the Southern states were granted freedom to decide about the legality of slavery. At this point in time, the cotton production was very low and there were around 700,000 slaves in the whole country. Cotton changed the course of the American economic and racial future, because of the mass production of textiles. The cotton quantities increased considerably. The South was producing and exporting over sixty- seven percent of the world’s cotton by 1840 which gave the region strong economic power. As the cotton production continued to grow it required more manpower or slaves. The supply of slaves needed for growing of such production was restricted, making slaves more valuable resulting in the domestic slave trade. The domestic slave trade emerged as a crucial commercial enterprise during the 1800 and 1860, which resulted in white planters looking for new slaves in the upper South states. (Henretta, Edwards, and Self 2012, 352-359) â€Å"For white planters, the interstate trade in slaves was lucrative; it pumped money into the declining Chesapeake economy and provided young workers for the expanding plantations of the cotton belt. For blacks, it was a traumatic journey, a new Middle Passage that broke up their families and communities. â€Å"Arise, Arise and weep no more, dry up your tears; we shall part no more,† the slaves sing hopefully as they journey to new lives in Tennessee.† (Henretta, Edwards, and Self 2012, 358) The domestic slave trade emerged as a crucial commercial enterprise operating through a coastal and inland. The coastal system sent slaves to the sugar plantations in Louisiana and the inland to cotton plantations. The domestic slave trade was crucial for the prosperity of the southern economy. It was an important resource to raise money and help support the economy of the Upper South. (Henretta, Edwards, and Self 2012, 352-359) References Henretta, J. A., Edwards, R., Self, R. O. (2012). America: A Concise History, Volume One: To 1877, 5th Edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Jane Eyre: Relating to Feminism and Bertha Manson as an Alter Ego

The novel, Jane Eyre, describes the transformation from childhood to adulthood of an orphaned girl named Jane. Bertha Mason, is portrayed as the alter ego of the orphaned girl, Jane Eyre. This statement could be interrupted in many ways. One being-for an example- Bertha being a symbol and representation of Jane’s feeling in regard to the situation of her marrying Rochester. Another is some likeliness of both women’s actions.Jane Eyre may feel as if the matter of marriage is oppressing her. The dreams she received after the engagement suggests she secretly fears being submitted. Also, she may rage at the idea of losing her freedom and yielding to a higher power, which in this case is Rochester. Jane herself does not show all of these emotions, but they are animated through the actions of Bertha. Bertha tearing the bridal veil could stand for a metaphorical sign or warning for Jane as to not get married.On another note, Bertha is also the obstacle that stops the wedding f rom persisting on; she is not only a metaphorical element, but is also a physical obstacle as well. The male dominating aspect relates both Bertha and Jane. Bertha was tied and locked away, showing the bondage and effect Victorian marriage had on mental and emotional health. It suggests that it suffocated women and took away their freedom. Jane was forced and expected to concede at both Gateshead Hall and Lowood Institution. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane EyreShe was harassed and also suggested by many that she not be so passionate. Knowing back then women for expected to fit the perfect imagine of civil, mannered, and self contained. Although, Jane was self righteous, opinionated, and passionate when younger. She learned to be well behaved and level headed at Lowood Institution the younger oppressed side of her reveals from her alter ego, Bertha. The likeliness of some events that occurred pertaining to both women does suggest that the madwoman in the attic is indeed the alter ego of Jane.Firstly, Bertha having been locked in a room for about ten years and goes insane. Jane gets locked in the red room at the young age of ten for about five minutes and lashes out hysterically. Secondly, after Bertha attacks Mr Mason she then gets tied up in the attic; Jane, when younger, received a threat to be restrained by her aunt if she did not yield. Lastly, the mad women is mental insane and Jane starts to hear voices. The madwoman in the attic has many symbols and roles that could be interpreted in this novel.Whether it is the horrors of Victorian marriage or the controlled element of the female gender. The statement states that Bertha is the alter ego to Jane Eyre and for many reasons. The madwoman in the attic plays a big role in representing Jane herself and her unconscious and internal conflicts. Including some key emotional events Jane went through in childhood. The relations between the two just goes to show that you can’t quite escape your past characteristics and suppress them for long.

Android: International Conference on Computer Essay

Porting mobile web application engine to the Android platform Yonghong Wu, Jianchao Luo, Lei Luo School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 benbshmily@126.com, andyluomail@163.com, lluo@uestc.edu.cn Abstract Android which Google released as an open-source mobile phone operating system is a Linux-based platform; it consists of the operating system, middleware, and user interface and application software. xFace is a cross-platform web application engine for mobile Internet. As a global leader in mobile web application engine, xFace [1] has the advantages of versatility, easy to master, universal. It significantly reduces the effort of development; while the services of testing which porting layer provides, will greatly reduce the developer’s development costs. A perfect transplant will greatly reduce the Android platform migration workload, but also to make widget’s operating efficiency to be improv ed. This paper describes xFace of native code (c + +) runs on the Android (java) platform through JNI called, xFace porting layer(c++) also calls the Android platform APIs(JAVA) by JNI, such as Graphics, HTTP and other related system modules. Keywords—Android, JNI, Mobile web Application Engine, Porting are the hot spot type of value-added services, 3G mobile terminals under a variety of value-added services would be the integration of up to provide users with chain services, it will be a technical major breakthrough. In addition, along with the WEB2.0 maturity, improving, it makes mobile Internet to become an inevitable trend in the future, while the development of next-generation mobile communication terminal is the power of mobile Internet development. xFace is a kind of engine of the web application. It uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and other Web technologies to develop lightweight mobile applications. Mobile applications, which are developed by using the technology of xFace, can run on different operating systems without any modification, such as windows Mobile, BREW, Symbian and other mobile phone platforms. It greatly reduces development efforts and costs of the mobile web application software. Android as an open-source mobile phone platform, is favored by the major mobile phone Manufacturers, its large rate of market share is also increasing. In this context, for mobile Internet and mobile terminals, this paper puts forward the way to solve the xFace transplanted to the Android platform that is very valuable and practical significance. 1. Introduction Along with the continuous development of communication industry, today’s mobile terminals have extended from single service with telephone to multiple services with voice, data, images, video and games [2]. Communications, computing and Internet convergence will be trend of the information and communication technology development in the future. Nowadays, operators’ services have erected one by one in the open data services, a unified service — the platform for mobile Internet. The step into data transfer is an important stage in the development of the 3G. It provides rich data services also contributed to the development of smart mobile devices. Under the impact of the 3G, mobile terminals gradually turn to be intelligent. Under a variety of 3G services such as mobile instant messaging, mobile email, mobile search, online browsing, mobile TV and mobile games 978-0-7695-4108-2/10 $26.00  © 2010 IEEE DOI 10.1109/CIT.2010.369 2157 2. xFace transplant programs in the Android platform 2.1. Android platform features The architecture of Android system [3], similar to other operating systems, use a hierarchical structure. From the chart to see, Android is divided into four layers; from the top to the lower level are the application layer, application framework layer, system layer and the Linux runtime core layer. In figure 1, Applications with some of the essential applications, such as email, address book, SMS and browser, etc. All applications are done by the Java language. Application Framework provides java class library for Android applications, Android application developers developed applications, like developing those core applications, with full permission to access to the APIs provided by framework. Libraries layer was developed by C/C++ language, those libraries are packaged by Application Framework section. The bottom section is the Linux Kernel which is developed by c language, it provide the core system services, such as security, memory management, file system management, process ma nagement, network group, Driver Model and so on. It is also an abstract layer between the hardware and system software. Figure 1 Architecture of Android Each of Android applications runs in its own process, to enjoy the Dalvik virtual machine for its exclusive distribution of instances. Dalvik virtual machine runs a Dalvik-format-Executable file (. Dex), the file of this format is optimized so as to make the Android applications occupy less memory when it’s running. Java compiler compiles Java source files into class files, class files has been built into the dex format file by a kind of DEX tool, only this file can run in Dalvik virtual machine after registered in the Dalvik. Thus, all of the Android applications must use java language to develop. This situation gets C/C++ developers into trouble. xFace engine and porting layer are developed by C/C++, and therefore it’s a big trouble to port the xFace to Android platform. Feasibility Analysis: xFace is developed by C/C++, but the Android application is developed by java language, which allows us to have to use JNI [4]. JNI’s called the Java Native Interface, which is provided by JAVA to allow JAVA and the C/C++ interface to call each other. In view of this, JNI provides feasibility for porting xFace to the Android platform. Native code (interface) of xFace can be generated the dynamic library called by JNI in JAVA. Also, because of the Android system functions are supported by JAVA packages (such as SMS, e-mail module, address book, phone calls, local capacity, etc.). Because of all of the Android APIs are based on java package. To finish the operating system-related functions of xFace porting layer, we have to use JNI to call the JAVA classes and methods in C/C++. Transplant Program: According to the feasibility analysis, we know that xFace is ported to Android platform is entirely feasible, so it requires an effective plan to implement. An efficient migration plan can reduce a lot of workload of transplant. Simultaneously, the operating efficiency of widget is also improved. According to the specificity of Android applications, application framework and start-up code must be written in JAVA language, and then called C/C++ program entry of xFace by JNI in that start-up code. However, in the xFace platform porting layer, some of the features also need to adopt a similar approach to call the Android APIs which are provided as JAVA packages by Android. Event-dispatching can also be the way through the JNI passing from JAVA to C/C++ layer. And then we formed a transplant plan which is mixed-programming language. As shown in Figure 2. 2.2. xFace mobile web application engine xFace is composed of xFace engine and platform adaptation layer (also known as Porting layer), xFace engine is mainly responsible for page layout, script analysis, logic and other functions, the porting layer is mainly responsible for abstracting the operating system-related functions into the system-independent in order to make xFace run on different platform. Figure 2 xFace Porting Layer 2158 3. Porting the xFace native Code to Android 3.1 Bulit the environment Transplanting xFace to the Android platform, because of mixture of programming language, we use Eclipse and the Android environment NDK as the environment of compilation. NDK is primarily used to compile xFace core and porting layer, and it compiles the starting-entry(C/C++) of xFace into dynamic library. Eclipse is mainly used to build Android application development environment, needed ADT plug-in. At last, we use Eclipse to package the program and the dynamic library, which is generated by NDK, into Android executable files – DEX files. Android NDK: Android NDK is the acronym for Native Development Kit. Android application developers can use NDK to develop C/C + + native code. In this plan, we also need to use it to develop C/C + + native code and call the java classes and methods by JNI. Android NDK has developed to provide a way of developing dynamic library for application developer. Developers need to make their project folder into the folder of â€Å"NDK_ROOT / apps /† and write the Makefile in accordance with the specification of NDK. For example, first, we should create a new folder as the name of â€Å"xFace† under the directory of â€Å"NDK_ROOT / apps /†. Next, we create a new file named â€Å"application.mk† and a new directory named â€Å"project† under the directory which is created just now. Create a new folder named â€Å"jni† in the â€Å"project† folder, our xFace Native Code and Makefiles are placed inside this folde. Due to space reasons, we can not do introduce the specifications of the Makefile for the NDK. NDK compiler works under the Linux environment, so if you use Windows, you have to install the software such as Cygwin. Installing eclipse: After install eclipse software, you should install the ADT plug-in into the eclipse, select the ADT plug-in options and create a new Android emulator. After that you can develop the Android application with it. divided into two parts. One, it is completed entirely by the C/C++ code, such as threads, semaphores, memory [5] and file operations modules. And local capacity of the other part is related to points in two ways, first by the C/C++ to prepare the framework, and it called Android APIs which are provided by JAVA packages (such as access and set the system time, MMI implementation, call the local function such as phone calls, send text messages and other system calls); the second is a direct implementation by the java function, and then C/C++ side call them which have been achieved by the java (such as HTTP module, etc). As shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Implementation plan of porting layer 3.3 Integration of the porting layer and core After porting layer of each module completed, we can integrate it with xFace engine. Each module of xFace engine also needs to NDK environment to be compiled into static libraries. All of those static libraries are supplied for xFace program entry module calling. xFace program entry module which is called by JAVA is responsible for the performance of xFace capacity module. This module depends on the xFace engine and platform adaptation layer, and must follow the norms of java call native code compiled into dynamic link libraries and by the Eclipse environment, written in java program packaged with the framework to Android emulator to run. 4. Details of the design According to the above design, we can divide xFace program into three layers: application framework entrance layer, xFace Native entrance, xFace Native layer (shown as below in figure 4). Following segments elaborate the completion of xFace. 3.2 Implementation of the porting layer Porting layer is an abstraction of operating system functions-related; the implementation of porting layer is the main work of transplantation. It provides interfaces for xFace engines, due to different operating systems platform layer functions do correspond to abstraction, which makes xFace can be run on different platform. Platform adaptation layer implementation can be 2159 5. Testing According to the solution of this paper proposing, the function of porting layer has been implemented. After integrating the porting layer and core, it can run web applications. In order to test the validity and effectiveness of this solution, the following are some simple web application to run screenshot (as shown in figure 5). There are no exceptions and very steady when the program is running. At this point, it demonstrates the feasibility and correctness of the solution of this paper. Figure 4 Startup process 4.1 Application framework entrance Application framework entrance is primarily responsible for starting the xFace; Developed by JAVA language. And its main function is that prepare for running xFace in the Android platform, to provide a running environment, and the creation of the window and dispatch the event information to xFace native layer. As the Android applications are running on Dalvik virtual machine, so the program must start by the way of JAVA. It is a bridge of communication between xFace Native framework and Android, so it is essential. Figure 5 demo application 4.2 xFace Native entrance xFace Native entrance is mainly responsible for achieving xFace local businesses, such as loading the page, parsing the page, initialization xFace widget runtime environment, as well as the release of related resources and so on. Associated with xFace businesslogic is organized in this layer, which is the work of xFace entrance. Only for Application framework entrance called. In the plan, the drawing graphics is the maximum cost. It is not direct to draw shape to screen because this plan is using JNI to call JAVA methods to draw graphics. So the program of xFace may be slower than Android Native Application, especially when you running a kind of widget which need a mount of drawing in xFace , such as games. 6. Summary Currently almost all of the transplants, the source build-environment of transplant and the target platform build-environment are basically the same. This migration plan of mixed programming language provides a general method for the situation that the source and the target platform of build-environment of transplant are different; furthermore, this solution also makes code-reuse to maximize and reduces development costs and cycle. This article based on the Android platform, while providing a set of transplantation program, but the program is also a place to shortcomings in the drawing mechanism, because it is provided through the JNI calling java class library Android than any other platform, the efficiency of direct system call mapping is slightly low. Therefore, it is also a need for further study and improvement to improve efficiency. 4.3 xFace Native Code This layer is mainly to achieve graft-layer specific functions, xFace all of the features are in this layer, which coordinates xFace engine and porting layer; and to make porting layer and the underlying of operating system, porting layer and the Android application programming interface layer in the layer of packaging. It exposes the interfaces to xFace application developers and xFace engines. This layer of xFace is the kernel, all of the performance capabilities of xFace application are implemented in this layer. 7. References [1] Introduce of xFace[M/OL]. http://189works.com/articleDetail.action?u=yangzihao04&id =10124. 2010 [2] 3G Mobile Terminal Development Trend of the operating system [M/OL]. http://pda.c114.net/32/c4948.html, 2007 [3] Android Architecture 2010[R/OL]. http://www.cnmsdn.com/html/201003/1268713218ID2058_2 .html [4] ChuanBin Tu, Dissecting JDK1.6, Electronic Industry Press, 2008-01 [5] Neil Matthew . Professional Linux Programming . Wrox . 2002-01 [6] W3C. SVG Tiny 1.2-2008. Scalable vector graphics (SVG) tiny 1.2 specification[S]. W3C 2008 [7] Niu Xin-Zheng, She Kun, Qin Ke, Zhou Ming-Tian. Cooperative caching optimization strategy on Mobile P2P network[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development. 2008, 42(4): 1-2 [8]Lei Huang. Development of embedded system based on platform. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2006 [9] Wangchao Network. Web Application Development of Mobile devices[DB/OL].http://www.wangchao.net.cn/bbsdetail_314 11.html. 2006-01-08 [10] Times Connection. I ntroduction to Web Application[EB/OL].http://cs.now.cn/html/FAQ/VHost/2008 10/10-3088.html. 2008-10-10

Research Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Research Paper 2 - Essay Example As a result, states and society at large watched helplessly by for some time as the institutions of marriage and family fall apart. Lately, when the social and economic costs sustained from scuttled marriages and broken families began to spread and reach alarming proportions, state authorities in many places have started to take a hand in the problem. This paper discussed the ill effects of the breakdown of marriage and family and the prevention-intervention measures that are increasingly adopted to address the problem. It highlighted the negative influences of marital distress, cohabitation and divorce on people's productivity, physical and mental health as well as on the quality and character of children produced from such a troubled family environment. Finally, the paper examined the effectiveness of measures designed to strengthen the institution of marriage as catalyst for social stability. When a man and woman exchange marriage vows, they enter into a legal agreement to start a new family unit and care for each other and for any children that they might have. Since marriage is a legal instrument, it is the duty of the state to ensure that the contracting parties in marriage adhere to these provisions. Until recently, however, intervention in marriage and family was not part of public policy (Benson, 2005). ... Since marriage is a legal instrument, it is the duty of the state to ensure that the contracting parties in marriage adhere to these provisions. Until recently, however, intervention in marriage and family was not part of public policy (Benson, 2005). This thinking started to change as research after research unmistakably showed that the mounting cases of physical and mental illnesses and the dwindling levels of productivity in the workplace (Stanley, 2001) are attributable to failed marriages. Illnesses that require medical care create a drain on public resources while low productivity hampers the march to economic growth. These are as much a concern of the state as the Christian churches, which represent the only entity that used to undertake efforts at instructing couples on the sanctity of marriage and the adverse effects of marital distress. Realization that the state presence is needed in the deterioration of marriage gave further impetus to activities designed to achieve bette r understanding of the dynamics of the modern-day marriage and family with an eye on preventing marital distress and divorce. 2. Literature Review 2.a. Marriage & Family Breakdown When the National Council on Family Relations in the US conducted its annual meeting in 2003, the theme was: "What is the Future of Marriage" This captured the essence of the problem on the changes that erode the value of marriage and family. Marriage as a social institution has vastly deteriorated because of such factors as the increased opportunities for sexual relationships outside marriage, greater tolerance of single parenthood, declining marital fertility, improved job opportunities for women and

Discuss Chinas role in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discuss Chinas role in Africa - Essay Example It comes after the United States and has overtaken the United Kingdom. The growing relationship between China and Africa has been highlighted in two different events. First it took place in November 2006 in Beijing where the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was held. The Second one took place in May 2007 in Shanghai. This was known as the annual meeting of the African Development Bank (ADB). This came immediately after the official release of the white paper by Beijing in early 2006 titled China’s Africa policy. It contained the contours of the China’s official policies directed towards the African countries. During the two events, China announced its engagement with Africa. China also made public the relationship which it considers to have mutual benefits basis and that it results in a win -win situation. However, critics have argued that China is taking advantage of the African exports which consists of oil and different raw materials. In return the imports t o Africa consist of Chinese goods which are cheaply manufactured. In fact, critics associate this to the earlier colonial era. It is considered that China’s desire to help Africa stems from their objective of obtaining raw materials and different sources of energy in Africa. According to Dillon (2009), the major objective behind this trade is to improve China’s current economic growth and its new markets of export. The existing trade is of importance to various actors and different African economies. However, proper discussion concerning the consequences of this kind of trade should be put in place. The relations between some African countries and China are deeply developing. China’s successive foreign ministers have visited the African continent yearly in the past 20 years. This frequent high level of exchanges portrays how important the relation between China and Africa is to the Chinese government. China as a country treasure face to face communication especi ally with the African leaders because it enables individuals to have the deepest understanding. There is existence of mutual support between China and African countries on several issues both international and regionally. According to Gries and Rosen (2010), most African countries have been committed in supporting China in different issues. From Africa, China is able to obtain raw materials and in exchange, China offer Africa some full support in various issues including peace, development and trade. In addition, China supports Africa in UN Security Council discussions because it perceives different opinions of the African countries to be of great importance. First, China assists Africa in times of adversity. History helps people know of the past, foresee the future and understand the present. From history, Africa just like the People’s Republic of China has been excluded from the international community. However, China considers Africa its ally and has always come out to sup port some African countries to solve its problems such as war and piracy. This is because of many reasons. First, some African countries supported China to restore its seat at the UN Security Council, which was delayed up to 1971, even though it was a member state that founded the UN. Consequently, African countries voted along with China in the 26th UN general assembly regarding resolution on whether to award PRC or not with the China’

Juvenile Street Gang and the Juvenile Justice System Essay

Juvenile Street Gang and the Juvenile Justice System - Essay Example According to C. Ronald Huff â€Å"While results vary from one region to another, the overall picture that emerges is that gangs engage in a wide array of criminal behaviors, including those involving weapons and violence† (Huff, 1998, p 2). Current approaches within the juvenile justice system at a national level vary widely as local jurisdictions will address juveniles according to the state laws or local regulations and these tend to vary widely. Generally speaking the use of community corrections is not often applied and juvenile gang members without familial support tend to end up incarcerated in corrections centers and in some cases can be sentenced as an adult utilizing the various approaches to blended sentencing that exists in the United States. However in some areas intervention is being attempted and community corrections as well which can benefit the individuals, however, in his report Huff says, â€Å"Because prevention programs will not deter all youths from joining gangs, it is also important to address the brief window of opportunity for intervention that occurs in the year between the â€Å"wannabe† stage and the age at first arrest† (Huff, 1998, p 7). This shows the importance of connecti ng with the juveniles before they get truly involved in the gang lifestyle. It would be beneficial with juveniles to begin addressing the problem in the schools and homes so that the individuals becoming gang members realize that there are alternatives to what is being offered by neighborhood gangs. By educating the juveniles and showing them the various options available there is a greater chance of preventing future issues within each community and with juveniles who may be at risk due to home based, or location based stimuli. At this point it would be important to involve the community in the corrective measures because in many ways it is the community that is allowing this to occur through either a lack of attention to juveniles growing up or

Thesis on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Thesis Example The intent of Aristophanes to present women in a powerful light is confirmed by analysis of his character and the wellspring from which the play emanates. Comparing him to Sappho and â€Å"...the [her] fiery and lucid directness,† Lindsay suggests a balance of male-female characteristics present in both genders, pointing to â€Å"the profoundly balanced humour of Aristophanes, at once tenderly human and cruelly hard† (Lindsay par 3). Lysistrata to Cleonice mourns the absence of her fellow women, whom she has called to discuss her plan, mocking their absence and suggesting the lure of sex as first as remedy [after as weapon, a symbol of power]. The question becomes, can Lysistrata, the obvious main female character, convince the other women in the play to go on a sex strike until the men cease fighting a meaningless war. In the process of her quest, we discover through analysis of the character, and characters, the essence of what society perceives as the role of women and how women perceive themselves, versus their actual potential. In doing so we make the astounding discovery that issues pertaining to gender were as controversial then as they are today. Since the development of the concept of gender power occurs throughout the play, it is important to understand Lysistrada as a woman with ideals, determined in the face of resistance [by both the men and at first, women] to pursue them. It is clear here that â€Å"Aristophanes is not content to [simply] turn the tables and present purely virtuous women and venal men† (Study Guide, Temple, par 3). In essence, this is not about good or evil but about courage [of women] in the face of resistance--about Lysistrada as a woman character to not only â€Å"speak to men† but â€Å"to women† as well with the authority normally attributed to men. Her first challenge: how to convince other women, who have accepted their nature as frivolous and passive in political matters, to use their power to exact political

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in Essay

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in the first half of the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Furthermore, in the communist system of Government basic needs such as health care and education are provided by the state since wealth was also equally distributed. The press was also owned and controlled by the state. The central focus of the communist system was on communal progression. On the other hand, the capitalist system was driven by the democratic system of Government and allowed for private ownership of property as well as press freedom. Furthermore in the capitalist system wealth was not evenly distributed since free enterprise was allowed, and its central focus was on individual progression1. Since the shift from communism to capitalism system was preferred towards the first half of the twentieth century, several aspects of communism posed different challenges to liberal capitalism. This academic paper shall focus on the different aspects of communism that posed challenges to liberal capitalism in the first half of the twentieth Century. This paper shall also address other related features such as the relationship between communism and coercion as well as how communism was understood in different parts of Europe2. Before the shift from Socialism to Capitalism in parts of Europe such as Russia, empires were under monarchs. The Russian society was composed into four groups namely the noble who were the ruling class, the upper class who were the clergy, the middle class and the masses. By that period, the ruling emperor was known as Tsar Nicholas the second and had unlimited political power. The noble and upper class owned majority of the land while the majority of the population entailed peasants who were poverty stricken and powerless. When the Russian system shifted from Communism to Capitalism, serfs could not own property hence market forces were not driven by free enterprise. Furthermore, the serfs were not completely free hence the Government was not democratic in any way3. Since theculture in severalcountriesincluding Russia

Implementing Electronic Health Record innovations for Pressure Ulcer Essay

Implementing Electronic Health Record innovations for Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management - Essay Example Regardless of the size of the project, the proper integration of a skilled workforce, proven strategies and technology at MICU, would see the successful implementation of the program in various units for easy use by clinicians. If properly utilized, EHR can be the silver bullet to the problem of inconsistencies that are the order of the day in documenting pressure ulcer management processes through paper-work. Prevention of Pressure Ulcer According to Hagens and Krose (2009), to maximize the benefits the EHR for Pressure Ulcer prevention and management, it would be vital to keep problem lists, medical prescription lists and sensitivity lists in all units handling the patients s(National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2007). In the MICU case, medical assistants or skin care specialists should enter medications and sensitivities from the paper work, and physicians would enter the problem lists. It would be appropriate to enter data shortly before an appointment is due, and take the cha rt to scanning. In doing so, the pressure ulcer management units will have an entirely electronic chart ready for patient handling when the patient arrives at the units (Kerr, 2009). Alternatively, it would be appropriate to enlist registered nurses for the task of problem list entry before the program is ready for use by various clinicians. Assessment for Pressure Ulcer For acute care, the first assessment should be carried out on admission and after every 1-2 days or whenever the condition of the patient changes (Clarke, Bradley, Whytock, Handfield, Van der Wal, & Gundry, 2005). At MICU, the system would be programmed to notify the health care providers to do assessments every 24 hours. For home health, the first assessment would be carried out on admission, and re-examination done as soon as the patient resumes care, during recertification, refer or release, or whenever the patient’s health condition changes (Adler, 2010). At MICU, it would be appropriate to reassess the p atient’s condition at each nursing visit. And for long-term care in MICU, the initial screening for patients would be appropriately done on admission and every week during subsequent missions. Determining Risk Levels Several electronic tools for risk assessment are accessible to assist in predicting the level of risk of the disease (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2007). They include machines with values that when summed up together, can enable the health care providers to determine the risk score in totality. The Braden and Norton Scales are proven tools that can be used to provide an electronic data for predicting the risk of pressure ulcer risk in MICU. According to Ayello, Capitulo, Fife, Fowler, Krasner, Mulder, Sibbald, and Yankowsky (2009), these tools help clinicians to determine the risk values, which eventually can lead to the formulation of the most appropriate and opportune medical interventions. Norton Scale The Norton Scale comprises five groups: physica l and mental conditions; mobility, activity, and incontinence. These factors are valued from 1– 4 (Tavenner, & Sebelius, 2012). The total values usually range from 5 to 20. An entry of the following data to the EHR system can help clinicians to cope with the condition in a more effective and faster way: Mild Risk values at 14: Moderate Risk at 13: and High Risk at 12. The scale should be credible and kept in such condition to avoid errors in the final readings of data (Liang, 2007). Any alterations can change or render it an

Introduction to Health and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Health and Culture - Essay Example The Navajo people value their words as much as they value life because they believe that the words they utter will have a deeper impact on how their lives will go. They do not give out words easily and more often than not, other people find themselves waiting for 30 seconds or more just to hear what a member of the Navajo tribe has to say. And more often than not, this characteristic result to conflict or misunderstanding due to the fact that not all who converse with the Navajo people understands or even knows this trait. The doctors and other medical staffs, who have also graduated with a secret degree on Tact and Diplomacy together with their medical degree, are imbedded with deeper understanding and vast knowledge as to how to deal with different kinds of people. Treating a person from a different culture and with a different background is not prioritized in this aspect. As a person with a mission, healing people is the main goal. Doesn't matter who your patients are, what they a re and where they come from; as long as the service given is fair and just, the mission has been served well. Navajo people are also afraid of death; Also the same with everyone all over the world. That doesn't make them ignorant or simple.

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Leadership - Assignment Example Leadership style: Consultative. This is a problem that is long overdue. In other words, it needs a very effective and promising solution. Being unsure about a solution needs further consultation from highly capable followers who possess expertise to assist you in making decisions. Leadership style: Participative. Although it is important to synchronize the working hours, I need to realize that my followers are very capable and love making decisions. If I insist my decision to impose 8 working hours, they might feel different about it and it may affect their performance at work. Seen this way, it is better to ask them what would be the best solution to the problem and consider all their opinions. That way, they would feel that their inputs are valued and at the end of the day, whatever decisions we may come up to, everyone is willing to follow it without compromising productivity. Leadership style: Consultative. As a leader, I am more aware of the working attitudes of my followers. Since I have plenty of time to decide, I can spend some of that time in gathering inputs from my followers since they are the ones who will directly be affected by my decision. Leadership style: Autocratic. The success of the change relies on me. In other words, my decision is very critical. Considering that my followers are not interested in making routine decisions, I have to be the assertive decision-maker in the team. Leadership style: Autocratic. Looking at the situation, it is clear that it comes with time pressure. There is no sufficient time to discuss the situation with your followers since an immediate decision is needed. I think that autocratic leadership would salvage the job since my followers are both capable and cooperative anyway. Leadership style: Empowerment. This is a difficult case since you are dealing with work and emotions. Hence, it is best to provide a neutralizing factor that will not compromise the top management’s decision, at

New System Proposal Essay Example for Free

New System Proposal Essay I feel that a business requirement would drive the projects creation and use because this will help the company, business, or organization deliver to provide value. There are many ways such has products, systems, software, and processes are the ways how to deliver or meet the business requirement. First you would need to set some goals for the business, company, or organization these needs need to be visualiable to the eye. So everyone can see them. Secondly you would need to come up with some proposals on how the company, business, or organization will meet the goal that they have set. You and the team should set an agenda to work on so you and the team can have the proper documentation for the goals that you have made for the business, company, or organization. Always notify the proper people about the goals that you set , that way no one can say that they did not know about the goals.Always leave room for feedback from others in your requirements and a flowchart that will be good to have to present along with the requirements, People get a better understanding of what is being said if they have something to look at, this will show what is expected and what have been achieve. But always keep in mind that different projects requirement call for different requirements example small projects are usually simple and easy to create, large projects may need extra care and mastery to be able to present a quality requirement.There are four prerequisites the first is the project charter and second is the current environment assessment which should include a start and end p oint, level two and three process functions, define areas of rework and non value added steps, cycle time capacity and rework information for each process step as available and baseline for each CTO for the current environment. Third is the measure phrase the the current measures that includes a definition of how the product services characteric is to be quantified target/nominal is the aim of the services specification limits is what the customer will allow in the delivery of services or product of service. Allowable defect rate is how often a service or product will be produce for a business, company, or organazation. Fourth is the target environment assessment that has the following categories people, systems, systems/people and fishbone. The business requirement can be a success or a failure for your business, company, or organization that depends on how work to succeed with the goals that you made in order for your business, company, or organization . Who makes goals and not strive for success. Reference en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Business-requirement. docs.oracle.com/cd/E19199-01/817-5759/bus-analysis.html.

Breadtalk Enters Into Turkeys Market Economics Essay

Breadtalk Enters Into Turkeys Market Economics Essay According to Alden, et al. (1999, p.63) food and beverages are mostly viewed as a product category that is frequently consumed. As society grows demand of food increasingly raise the quantity and quality. The industrys market potential is extremely large. Seeing the needs and potential market BreadTalk Group Limited was founded and has been extremely successful in many countries. Founded as an FB operator in Singapore in 2000 and listed on the SGX in 2003, the BreadTalk Group Limited has rapidly expanded to become a distinctive household brand owner that has established its mark on the world stage with its bakery, restaurant and food atrium footprints. Currently, BreadTalk has a network of over 500 bakery outlets in 16 countries and more than 6000 employees. BreadTalk is market leader, higher economies of scale, continual and successful innovation, segment diversification, strong Franchise partnerships (Business overview, 2012). But in the next few years, challenges of BreadTalk are huge because of intense competition, market saturation, no direct control over overseas operations. Moreover the revenue of BreadTalk only two countries (Singapore and China) is the revenue drivers. Graph 1: Geographical Breakdown of Revenue Source: BreadTalk, 2011Looking at the chart we can see that China is currently one of its key markets outside of Singapore. This is not only the advantages but also potential ricks such as: depend on the China market, only invest in the China market and ignore other potential market. To maintain a competitive advantage and continue to lead the market, BreadTalk must have appropriate strategies: continues to lead the China market and seeking potential market as Turkey. In this paper, mainly focus on analyzing the environment of Turkey market in terms of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal which is known as PESTEL to enter Turkey market. 1.2 Turkey Overview World-renowned strategist Professor Michael Porter has said that the Turkish economy has been superb improvement in competitiveness in recent years and proven its potential as a magnet for international investors. Turkey, strategically located in the Eurasia region as a gateway between Europe, Middle East and Central Asia, is a dynamic country with a robust economy and a young population, often described as the China of Europe. Turkey is the worlds 17th largest economy and a member of both the G20 and the OECD. With 73 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous nation in Europe, after Germany, generating a greater demand for product consumption. With the current potential it will be an inspiration to BreadTalk penetrated market. 2. Turkey environment analysis 2.1 The Political Environment Turkey political is element that BreadTalk couldnt control. Altogether, the general political of Turkey is stable. That is a positive factor for foreign investors and BreadTalk who intend to entry into Turkey market. Well analyze political factors to finding opportunities and challenges in Turkey. 2.1.1 Change of Government The change of government political environment in Turkey affects the business environment through the legislation and different regulations. Turkey has successfully carried out the structural reforms after the severe economic recession in 1999 2001. The reforms include market liberalization to promote foreign investment, privatization, agricultural reform, strengthen the banking system and fiscal discipline, monetary tightening policies to reduce inflation and a floating currency rates. Turkish government is creating new legislation to help the industry and different companies to grow and foreign investment to improve and make it better for Turkey as a national advantage. With the advantages of free trade and investment policy, many economists said that while the money withdrawn from the major economies, investors are pouring money into Turkey-fastest growing economy in Europe. This will create the favorable condition for BreadTalk activity in Turkey market. Because, BreadTalk will be support of government and feel safety when doing business here. 2.1.2 Corruption Corruption is one of the major factors that affect investment environment and hampers the investment attraction. In Turkish political system the existence of corruption as a pervasive, entrenched, and enduring problem has long been an open secret. These positive trends are reflected by the World Banks worldwide governance indicators, with Turkey scoring 57,9 on a 0 to 100 scale in terms of control of corruption compared to 42,9 in 2000 (World Bank, 2010a). However, despite these positive developments, other indicators suggest that the country remains confronted to challenges of rampant corruption, and weak enforcement of anti-corruption policies. Turkey performs below average in Transparency Internationals 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index, with a score of 4,2 on a 0 (highly corrupt) to 10 (highly clean) scale, indicating relatively high levels of public sector corruption (Transparency International, 2011). Turkeys Extent of corruption shows potential risks if BreadTalk entry into this market. BreadTalk can encounter excessive bureaucracy, a slow judicial system, weaknesses in corporate governance, unpredictable decisions made at the local government level, and frequent changes in the legal and regulatory environment. As such, even investors who brave the reports of corruption and attempt to establish businesses in Turkey may still find their efforts thwarted. Fortunately, Turkish politicians have been vocal about fighting corruption in recent years. In February 2010, Turkey adopted a national anti-corruption strategy 2010-2014 2.1.3 Terrorism The Republic of Turkey is one of the many countries that have been struggling with terrorism for decades. The risk of loss due to acts of political violence remains a prominent worry for investors as well as foreign firms. In Turkey the current political challenges is the series of violent terrorist attacks that have happened in the country due to Islamic extremist, Kurdish radicals, Turkish militants that may have link with Al-Qaeda. This is a disadvantage for host country and investor_ Breadtalk. An understanding of terrorism will help BreadTalk has been prepared to limit risks. 2.1.4 Relationship between Singapore and Turkey Relationship between Singapore and Turkey has been continuing unabated despite negative effects of the global economic crisis. Total trade volume between Turkey and Singapore has maintained a steady level of 1 billion USD. As of 2010, exports to Singapore reached 567.9 million USD, whereas our imports were at the level of 341.5 million USD. At present, there are 49 Singaporean companies operating in Turkey. (Relationship between Singapore and Turkey, 2011) In 2012, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Ali Babacan visited Singapore where he met with Singapore President Tony Tan, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Minister of Foreign Affairs K. Shanmugam and Minister for Trade and Industry Lim Hng Kiang (Julia Ng, 2012). The two leaders agreed to further deepen bilateral cooperation across different sectors including trade, investments and finance. So Turkey and Singapore is now enjoying warm relation. That is a positive factor for BreadTalk who intend to go into Turkey market. To look back on political panorama of Turkey we can conclude that Turkey is one of the investors with the ratio between the risk and the most profitable in the world. In addition, the intervention of Turkey in Syria, the delay to join the European Union and the countrys corruption was also disturbing. 2.2 Economic Turkeys economic is risen from the financial crisis in 2000-2001, which became the fastest growing economy among the countries in the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD), the second fastest of the G20 group to grow 9% in 2010 and 8.5 percent in 2011 (CNBC/VOA, 2011). Turkey became a destination for investors. The market size and market share of BreadTalk may be affected by so many elements of the economy. In this part, well analysis factors such as GDP, recession, inflation, income and unemployment rate to finding opportunity for BreadTalk in Turkey. 2.2.1 GDP growth rate and GDP per capitalC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex66.jpgC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex67.jpg Graph 2: GDP per capita (PPP) (US$) Graph 3: GDP real growth rate (%) Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The Turkish economy has shown remarkable performance with its steady growth over the last nine years. The structural reforms, hastened by Turkeys EU accession process, have paved the way for comprehensive changes in a number of areas. The economy grew with an average annual real GDP growth rate of 5.2 percent over the past nine years between 2002 and 2011 (CIA World Factbook, 2011). Together with stable economic growth, GDP per capita in Turkey increased steadily rising from about USD 7,000 in 2000 to USD 17,000 in 2011 (CIA World Factbook, 2011). This means that the index has more than doubled in nine years. Significant improvements in such a short period of time have registered Turkey on the world economic scale as an exceptional emerging economy, the 17th largest economy in the world and the 5th largest economy when compared with the EU countries, according to GDP figures in 2011 (IMF World Economic Outlook, 2012). While many economies have been unable to recover from the recent g lobal financial recession, the Turkish economy expanded by 9.2 percent in 2010, and 8.5 percent in 2011, thus standing out as the fastest growing economy in Europe, and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Moreover, according to the OECD, Turkey is expected to be the fastest growing economy of the OECD members during 2011-2017, with an annual average growth rate of 6.7 percent (OECD Economic Outlook No: 86, 2011). Clearly, the economic scenario of Turkey is somewhat optimistic and bright for the future if BreadTalk entry into Turkey. 2.2.2 Recession Many experts have said that is clearly facing a major crisis in the world economy, the Turkish economy is showing extraordinary performance. In commentary in The Wall Street, Turkeys economic performance was compared to that of the Asian Tigers (Etyen, 2011). Turkeys unemployment rate has decreased strongly. In other words, the Turkish economy has created jobs for the idle labor force by increasing industrial labor. Graph 4: Unemployment rate (%) Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The current account deficit (CAD), the only problem in the Turkish economy, has shown a tendency towards stability and will cease to be a problem when the growth rate declines. In addition, it should be noted that although the deficit is currently rising, the rate of the countrys total amount of debt as compared to gross domestic product (GDP) has declined. So even though the CAD has increased, external savings have played a role to clear the debts. Furthermore, exports grew significantly despite rising currency exchange rates. We can show that the global recession will have a limited impact on Turkey economy. However, the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages is necessary if BreadTalk penetrated the market when the global economy is difficult. Disadvantages during recession time Advantages during recession time Reduced profits due to escalating cost and declining income. The unpredictable behavior of customers also affects the sales revenue. The competition becomes fiercer. The worse is the bankruptcy and new company like BreadTalk is not an exception. Recession also includes the stock markets and property markets to fall dramatically. BreadTalk can invest when price of stock and property are low and wait until the economy goes back to the boom cycle and then the investments will be worth quite a lot more. A lot of support from the government if BreadTalk penetrated at this time. A part of the company can be creating for people. Table 1: Disadvantages and Advantages during recession time in Turkey 2.2.3 Inflation The inflation rate is also crucial for marketers to look deeper that could influence the sales volume of products and bring in profits. In the past nine years, Turkey has experienced remarkable disinflation (from an average of 70.4% in the period of 1993-2002 to single-digit rates) as well as a marked decline in the volatility of inflation. Turkeys inflation rate, measured by the consumer price index, declined from an average of 70.4% in the period of 1993-2002 to 6.4% at the end of 2010, the lowest reading in over four decades. During the course of 2011, the CPI inflation rate increased from 6.4% in December 2010 to 10.45% in December 2011. (CIA World Factbook, 2011)http://www.hazine.org.tr/en2/economy/inflation2011.gif Although, their inflation rates have decreased in Turkey but tend to rise up again. The main causes leading to a strong increase of inflation is due to the rising price of energy, commodities and food. This will affect the UK operations of BreadTalk in Turkey. For the case of BreadTalk, the leaders should consider some disadvantages below: High inflation will affect purchasing power of customers. Buyers are afraid of the price increases. Since then, the companys profit will be affected. High inflation also affects the disposable incomes of different group of people. As the price of goods keeps increasing, the living expenditure also rises. As a result, Buyers will conservative in spending and corporate profits decreased significantly. High inflation lead to management costs such as raw material costs, marketing costs and employees salary also escalate. High inflation will discourage the investment from international companies like BreadTalk. Because the Government must have the policy to cope with inflation and the willingness of government to attract foreign investment. To look back on economical panorama of Turkey we can conclude that a sound macroeconomic strategy in combination with prudent fiscal policies and major structural reforms in effect since 2002 has integrated the Turkish economy into the globalized world, become the 167th largest economy in the world and the 5th largest economy when compared with the EU countries (IMF World Economic Outlook, 2012). And when BreadTalk is setting objectives and strategy for the future in Turkey market, economic growth is a positive factor to consider. 2.3 Social Analysis social and cultural aspects of Turkey will give BreadTalk a wider view on choosing the right products, the appropriate advertisements and marketing approaches. 2.3.1 Population Turkeys social strength that the Turkish have a growing proportion of young population which the Turkish government can use to create new job by encouraging and training them up to have new skills and qualified to work in different sectors and this will be a national advantage for having a very skill-full workforce. Turkey was already one of the most populous and young people nations in Europe. C:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex21.jpg Graph 6: Age structure in Turkey Graph 7: Population growth in Turkey Source: CIA World Factbook, 2012 More than half of its population is under the age 25. The countrys population has grown from 65.7 million in 2000 to over 79.6 million in 2012. Over 2012-2020, Turkeys population is projected to expand by 8.3% , according to mid-year statistics, overtaking Germany to become the most populated nation in Western Europe (Turkeys Population Young and Rapidly Expanding, 2012). There are obvious opportunities for BreadTalk when the company entry into Turkey such as: With a market size more than 78 million people, Turkey becomes a very potential market for many global companies. And with BreadTalk, their main market in Turkey will should be Istanbul area. With its young population, food and beverage consumption and production are both increasing in Turkey Population growth rate will create a dynamic consumer market and a potential market for BreadTalk to penetrate. The young population offers a responsive workforce. 2.3.2 Culture Cultural differences may be the most important problem to developing globally accepted marketing strategies (H. Lee, et al., 2007). So, learning about cultural of life and food influence how the business strategy of BreadTalk in Turkey. The Turkish culture is very rich. It is influenced by the ancient history of Anatolia, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Aegean culture. Today, this heritage also determines the cultural life of Turkey. The culture of tolerance for all religions and languages living together in peace, spread from Istanbul to Anatolia. This tradition of tolerance is one of the most important inheritances that Turkey can share with the world. In Business Culture, Turkish business culture is built on trust and familiarity; it is important to take the time to establish personal relationships with your Turkish contacts in order to succeed in business there. Since most Turks are devout Muslims, meetings should be scheduled around the five daily Islamic prayer times. Be sure to arrive on time, as Turks place high importance on punctuality. Business is often discussed over restaurant dinners in Turkey. In Cultural food, Turkish cuisine includes many different stews of vegetables and meat (lamb and beef primarily); borek, kebab, and dolma dishes; and a sourdough bread eaten with almost every meal. Borek is a pastry made of many thin layers of dough interspersed with cheese, spinach, and/or ground meat. Kebab is the common word for meat roasted in pieces or slices on a skewer or as meatballs on a grill. Dolma is the generic name for dishes made of vegetables (tomatoes and peppers) and leaves (grape, cabbage, and eggplant) that are stuffed with or wrapped around rice or bulgur pilaf. The Turkey has habit of eating bread. Both bread and water are considered holy. Bread is a source of energy. It is the most inexpensive source of calories needed by the human body. This would be advantageous for BreadTalk however it also means that the market has a lot of competitors. Turkish beverages include tea, coffee, ayran (buttermilk), boza (a fermented bulgur drink taken in the winter), and rakà ® (an aniseed-flavored brandy usually mixed with water). Carbonated drinks have become popular with young people, and beer gardens in major cities have become hangouts for men. The major food taboo in Turkey is pork, which is forbidden to Muslims. Cultural analysis gives an overview of social Turkey. Thereby, BreadTalk has to consider this for their marketing plan in Turkey: A highly effective way of expanding a business of BreadTalk in Turkey is through television commercials and newspaper, word of mouth The company should be aware of Islamic traditions and sensitivities With the turkey, meat and bread make an inseparable combination. Because BreadTalk should make products that fit and avoid combined with pork. If BreadTalk open system restaurants chain in Turkey is a potential because people have a habit of going to a restaurant on the weekends and business is often discussed over restaurant dinners. 2.3.3 Consumption Patterns The food industry and beverage of Turkey has received a steady growth in recent years, with the Turkish consumers becoming more demanding, driven by the multitude of choices provided by the mass grocery retail. Besides, Turkey has become one of the largest markets for its goods baked with bread a key element of the Turkish diet leading to leading to some of the highest rates of per capita consumption in the world. It provides opportunities for profitable investment BreadTalk. Turkey has traditional eating habits that remain stable in the majority of the population. Turkey is one of the largest markets, with rising incomes, packaged bread consumption presents an increase and at the same time, demand for different bread varieties, such as high-fibre and specialty artisan breads offer an opportunity for this high profit market. 2.4 Technological Technological progress has contributed to the economic development of the country and has an important factor in their competition. In the future as well, scientific and technological progress is expected to follow the destination provided by economic policies and competitive strategies. Turkey has well-developed infrastructure throughout much of the country that is capable of supporting significant development. Turkey has made many reforms to its infrastructure sector. Besides, the development of the internet is also seen as an effective factor in the business environment of BreadTalk. The number of Internet users has been rising rapidly in Turkey and standing at 15th place around the world, according to CIA, the World Factbook (2011) Graph 8: Internet users in TurkeyC:UsersInspironDesktopindexmundi_ex118.jpg Source: CIA World Factbook, 2011 The development of the Internet in the social life of the Turkey will support BreadTalk greatly: Internet will become a tool to promote the brand, and an introduction to the business. This will help save advertising costs. BreadTalk can take this as a distribution channel in the form of online business with customers buying large quantities 2.5 Environmental One of the environmental strengths in Turkeys is the prosperous biodiversity they have. Turkey has a very affluent natural resource base and has ranked ninth on biodiversity in the European countries. Examples of the type of biodiversity they have are not only a range of wild species but important domestic species such as wheat, lentils, chickpeas, pears, apple, chestnut and pistachios. The biodiversity has a very great potential for the development for Turkey and this is an advantage for BreadTalk because it will provide abundant and cheap raw materials. However, challenges of the current environmental in Turkey are the high pollution levels and need protect. 2.5.1 Pollution Turkeys economic development has brought with it fears of increased environmental degradation. Graph 9: 2010 Pollution Indexes in Turkey Source: http://www.clrsearch.com, 2010 The chart shows that the level of pollution of Turkey is alarming. Most of the air pollution is caused by household heating, traffic, industrial sites, the discharge of pollutants by neighboring countries has contaminated the Black Sea So, today government of Turkey has many activities to protect the environment as environmental Pollution Fines. BreadTalk should know the environment situation of Turkey to not be infringed. In addition, the company should also be the same with the government to protect environment to build brand image with the consumers. 2.5.2 Environmental protection Environment protection is very critical right now in Turkey. Business has to strictly follow the rule that imposed by host country government. However, there are also some other motives for BreadTalk when entering Turkey to environment protection such as: BreadTalk will also carry out some program for going green in their Turkey stores such as reduce paper using, switch off the light, limited plastic bags and encourage the staff to use public transportation. This brings beautiful images for BreadTalk in the minds of employees, customers and government. Environment protection achieve comparative advantage terms of cost saving, offering more benefits to consumers and being friendly with the environment. BreadTalk could take advantage of environment protection campaign and attend some environmental awards of the government to keep in touch with them. This will help company dealing with governmental issues. Environment protection as a way of branding to make BreadTalk familiar and deep in mind of customers 2.6 Legal 2.6.1 Law The legal strengths in Turkeys is the comprehensive legal structure they have. The judicial system is made up of general courts which deal with domestic cases, heavy penal courts which deal with more serious case, military courts which will deal with the military cases and the Constitutional Court which is the highest level of courts that will deal with many different cases which is essential in the Turkish government such as war crimes. This is an advantage for BreadTalk as this shows that the Turkish government are strict on the law and will enforce the law if need be, it will allow the company to have a fair trial. Another legal advantage in Turkey would be the robust framework for the business entities, as the company who are looking to invest into Turkey will not need to go through a very long and lengthy business registration process as there is a freedom to start, operate and close a business by the Turkish regulatory environment. so for example in Turkey, it will take on average 6 day to starting up a business compared to 43 days in the other world countries which is a much longer time and could be beneficial for the type of market the company is involved with. This is advantage for BreadTalk when company entry into Turkey because BreadTalk will not lose many time. BreadTalk is food and beverages company because the company pay attention to the Food Safety regulation. The HACCP quality assurance system was introduced in 1995 in Turkey and since 2008 according to the Regulation on Inspection and Control of Food Safety and Quality all food manufacturers must apply HACCP as compulsory (Food quality assurance schemes in Turkey, 2011). To protect customers and increase the prestige of the brand, BreadTalk should be combined with organization and obey the law. 2.6.2 Tax One of reasons that BreadTalk should invest in Turkey is low taxes and incentives: Corporate Income Tax reduced from 30 percent to 20 percent Individual Income Tax varies from 15 percent to 35 percent Tax benefits and incentives in Technology Development Zones, Industrial Zones and Free Zones could include total or partial exemption from Corporate Income Tax, up to 80 percent grant on employers social security share, as well as land allocation. New RD and Innovation Support Law Region and sector-based incentive system 3. Conclusion Analyzing PESTEL for the business environment of Turkey gives BreadTalk a wider and deeper view on Turkey to come up with the decision to enter Turkey market. Turkey can best withstand before the global financial crisis. In addition, Turkey attracts investors by young labor force, capable, modern infrastructure, large domestic market, a number of free trade agreement, investment environment freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Besides, one of the current challenges of BreadTalk is the high rate of inflation, corruption, terrorism.

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Process: A computer Process means a program which is being executed. some are administrative, providing ancillary services for the remainder of the system and some are application processes. Each process has its own address space, or memory allocated to it A program may contain more than one process. E.g. we open MSWORD & then we may work with copy, paste, cut etc commands which are its sub processes or child processes. Some times a process is also called a task . A thread is a light process of executes during program execution through a program. E.g. Error messages, Alerts etc , which may appear during program execution. Multiple threads can exist within a process, but they all share a common address space. A process can be in one of three states: Running Blocked Ready (or Queued) There are five different states of a process New - The process is being created. Running - Instructions are being executed. Waiting - Waiting for some event to occur. Ready - Waiting to be assigned to a processor. Terminated - Process has finished execution. Processes must communicate with one another in computer environment e.g. we may open a MSWord & MS-Excel we perform a copy operation in MSWord & then use Paste Special function in MS-Excel , here inter process communication is being performed. That is why it is very necessary for a processes that must coordinate activities to achieve a common objective. we can also define Inter Process Communication as a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. Processes may be running on one or more computers connected by a network. IPC techniques are divided into methods for message passing, synchronization, shared memory, and r... ...he scheduler,& Algorithm it uses is called the scheduling algorithm. The following are the main objectives of Scheduling: Make best use of available system resources, Give preference to those processes which are holding the key resources. Give preference to processes which are having good behavior. CPU Scheduler basically selects the process from the different processes which are residing in the memory and are ready to execute, & then allocates the CPU to one of them. The Scheduling may be Preemptive or Non-Preemptive: Non-preemptive Scheduling Once CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until Process exits OR Process switches to waiting state Preemptive Scheduling Process can be interrupted and must release the CPU. Need to coordinate access to shared data E.g. when we use â€Å"Ctrl + Alt + Delete† to terminate the process forcefully.

Hamlet’s Revenge Essay -- Shakespeare, denmark

William Shakespeare’s masterpiece, Hamlet, is the story about the Prince of Denmark’s struggle for revenge against his murderous uncle, who is now the new King of Denmark. Hamlet is stricken blind with revenge and has even been considered mad. Hamlet’s fall into insanity is a result of many different, tragic reasons. Throughout the entire play, Hamlet seems to be a loner, with a lack of true companionship. Most everyone seems to be against him throughout the play. They mistrust Hamlet, as he does them. He does not fully trust anyone, which will ultimately lead to his downfall. Hamlet does in fact have a tragic flaw that may lead him to disaster. Hamlet has a tendency to over think every thing he does. With every thought and process he goes through he must have a reason of doing it the way he does, and if they are not done how he likes, he will not attempt the task. Hamlet is portrayed as intelligent. This is shown through Hamlet’s use of his obvi ously superior mind and knowledge to deceive most everyone in the kingdom. He is clearly more intelligent than any other character in the play, and to us, the most human. His intelligence does get him into a great deal of trouble though. He must always prove for himself every thing that he is told. He cannot take anyone’s word for granted. Hamlet is meant to seem more psychotic and delusional the farther into the play the reader gets. Shakespeare meant for this. Without seeming crazy, Hamlet would not have the opportunity of revenging his father’s death. Hamlet’s pseudo madness is the very means for his revenge. Hamlet seems to be a loner throughout the play. The first time that this is seen is through Hamlet’s mistrust and even disgust of his uncle and mothers wedding... ...mon theme in the play, and it plays a major role throughout Hamlet. It seems that no body really trusts each other. Hamlet has little trust in anyone, which could make it easier to follow through with his revenge. He doesn’t really trust anyone, and no one really trusts him, so there is nothing to lose. This is seen in life with friends. If you know or trust someone, you try harder not to hurt their feelings. If you don’t know them then hurting their feelings is not quite as important since you do not have a strong bond with that person. Hamlet uses these advantages he has to create a mad persona of himself, which is believable, to gain his revenge. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

Philosophy of Education- Written from a Teachers Perspective :: Philosophy Education

A person’s philosophy of education shapes what one thinks about education, how one delivers what he thinks and why one thinks the way he does about education. My experience as a teacher and guidance officer has led one to think about education and develop a philosophy that centers on the learner. I believe that education is preparing the learner for life and not just life – but a well-balanced, well-adjusted life. I also believe that students should be able to cope with and deal with life’s challenges, they must have a purpose to life, a code for right and wrong, a passion to fight against injustices and at the same time appreciate beauty, the aesthetics and traditions. In my view, a philosophy that is known or unknown to the to the teacher influences teaching styles and method. I have never really given serious thought about philosophy at education during my career until this moment. In retrospect, I would have taught my students to be disciplined in all aspects of life. I have used as a theme, ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you’ because I believe in fairness and justice. My students have also learned too to discover, to experiment to be a team player and to realise they can think for themselves and make informed choices. As a guidance officer, I have helped students to understand that life is beautiful, but there are also so many challenges to which they have the inner resources to handle. I constantly explain to my students that their life must be balanced – it should include a little of everything. My philosophy assessment results in some ways reflect my beliefs about education. I had very close scores in three of the educational philosophies (Perennialism - 17; Progressivism – 17; Reconstructionism – 18). This is rather interesting because I like the traditional way of doing some things, for example, telling stories to children. Added to this, some things like good manners never change and yet I welcome the modern constructivist way of teaching and learning. Students should be exposed to diversity and reconstruct what ideas they would have had on certain issues. A very simplified example is that all over the world, rice is consumed; it would be preposterous to think that the only way to eat rice is with a fork or spoon. The students that interact with others and experience other cultures would have a balanced life.

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory Essay

The Cognitive Development Theory was first identified by Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland. Piaget became well known by the many papers he published throughout his late teen years. Once graduating from the University of Neuchà ¢tel, he received his Ph.D. in natural science and published two philosophical essay concerning adolescence. These two essays later became the general orientation for the first publication of the Cognitive Development Theory. According to the Jean Piaget Society by Les Smith, Piaget was married to Valentine Chà ¢tenay and soon after had three children. These children where primary examples of the study Piaget was doing concerning with the development from infancy to language. After the age of eighty-five, the Swiss psychologist died in Geneva on 1980, making him one of the most significant psychologists of the twentieth century. The objective of the theory was, and still is, the explanation by which the process o f an infant, and then child develops into an adult that can both reason and comprehend. Saul McLeod published an article, â€Å"Jean Piaget†, in the website Simply Psychology, where he quoted Piaget, â€Å"Cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. Children construct an understanding of the world around them, [and] then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment† (McLeod 2). There are three basic components to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory: Schemas, the four processes that enable the transition from one stage to another, and the four stages of cognitive development. When starting with the Schema, Piaget described this word as a basic building block of intelligent behavior that a person would use by forming information using what the person saw, heard, smelled and touched. In the article, â€Å"Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development†, from ICELS.ca Blog explains how a schema can be thought of as a unit of knowledge, relating to one aspect of the world including objects, actions, and abstract concepts (Unknown 4). An example of schema is how a child will know how to grab his favorite rattle and put into his mouth because he has  gained knowledge of what that object was used for. Dr. George Boeree, author of Jean Piaget, describes how a toddler that is introduced to a new object will use his â€Å"grab and thrust† schema. Dr. Boeree calls this assimilation; the toddler is relating the old schema onto the new object (Boeree 3). The child after knowing how to react with his rattle is then puzzled with the new object in front of him, he does not know how to react and therefore uses the same schema as he would with the rattle, putting the object into his mouth. However if the existing schema does not work, the toddler has to find a new approach, this is known as accommodation. Accommodation occurs when there has been an unpleasant state of disequilibrium. Equilibrium occurs when a child’s schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. McLeod clarifies the steps in as the four processes than enable the transition from one cognitive stage to another: Assimilation Equilibration New Situation Disequilibrium Accommodation When Piaget continued to study the each of these steps more carefully, he began to see similarities between most of the children in their nature and their timing. This became the development of the stages of cognitive development. The first stage of the cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage which can be found from the ages of zero until approximately two. In this stage the key feature is object permanence meaning how the infant uses his senses and motor abilities to understand the world. In the article, â€Å"Development of using experimenter-given cues in infant chimpanzees: longitudinal change in behavior and cognitive development†, found in Developmental Science, author Sanae Okamoto-Barth states, â€Å"Jean Piaget conducted experiments with human infants which led him to conclude that object permanence was typically achieved around seven to eight months of age† ( Okamoto-Barth 100). He clarifies how this cognitive skill develops in infants through a fixed series of steps with characteristic transitional errors. Throughout this stage there are three reactions that occur: primary circular reaction, secondary circular reaction, and tertiary circular reaction. Between the age of one to four months, the child has the primary circular reaction. In this reaction the child responds with the same action with the object. Dr. Boeree uses the example of a baby sucking on her them, because it feels good she continues to do it (Boeree 3). Between four to twelve months the infant now  uses secondary circulation which involves with the infants surroundings. Dr. Boeree’s example is a rubber ducky that the infant squeezes; the duck makes a â€Å"quack† entertaining the infant and wanting to continue the squeezing in order to get the same response again. As Okamoto-Barth stated this is the part in which object permanence is found. This ability can be recognized when the infant understands that just because an object is out of sight it does not been that it is gone, non-existent. The experiment used to know if the child had this ability was by doing the Blanket and Ball Experiment (McLeod 4). In this experiment Piaget would have a ball in front of the child and once the child got interested with the ball, he would cover it up with the blanket. The deal was to know if the child still believed in the existence on the ball or if he believed it was gone and no longer existed. Infants of a younger age would go about and entertain themselves with different objects in their surroundings, while infants that achieved object permanence would uncover the blanket and find the ball. The third reaction found in the sensorimotor stage is the tertiary circular reaction. This can be found from the ages of one to two. This is when they start to perform trial-and-error experimentations. An example of this reaction would be when a child may try out different sounds or actions as a way of getting attention from his caregiver (Unknown 4). Children also begin to develop symbols to represent events or objects and during this time the child is quickly moving towards the mental representation and mental combination (Okamoto 105). In this occasion, the infant becomes outstanding in pretending. For example the infant will now talk, feed, and play wit h a doll unlike before where she would just suck on it or throw it around. Once these examples are shown in an infant, the preoperational stage is now in place. The preoperational stage happens during the ages of two to seven. Although the child cannot think logically yet, he is acquiring language in a fast pace and is able to represent the work through mental images and symbols. However these images and symbols are only on his perception. The key feature in this stage is egocentrism. Egocentric is when a child sees things pretty much from one point of view, his own (Boeree 4). Piaget used the experiment of the Three Mountains in order to see if the child is in the preoperational stage or has advanced into the next stage. In this experiment children were  asked to choose a picture that showed the scene which they had observed as well as a picture in which what Piaget had seen. Children almost always chose their own view of the mountain. According to McLeod, children experienced this task difficult because they are unable to take on another person’s perspective (McLeod 4). In this stage children also develop curiosity and the questio ns begin. Children tend to make up explanations when they do not have an answer because they only know so little of the world. The third stage of the cognitive theory is the concrete operation stage which varies from the ages of seven to eleven. In this stage logic begins to play a part in the child’s life. Piaget defines a mental operation as an interiorized action, an action performed in the mind (McLeod 4). The mental operations allow the child to think about what he has done or will do. This also permits the child to have the ability to count from one to ten. The key feature in this stage is conservation and the experiment behind this is the Conservation of Numbers. According to Dr. Boeree, conservation refers to the idea that a quality remains the same despite changes in appearance (Boeree 5). The experiment that Piaget conducted was putting four marbles in a row and four below those. The child would then see that the marbles were the same distance from each other and say they were identical. However, on the other side the top row would have more distance between each other than the bottom. A chi ld that was still in the preoperational stage would look at this and believe that that row had more than all the others. On the other hand, a concrete operations child would know that there are still four marbles and that the extent ion of the distance between each marble did not make a difference. Children learn to understand numbers, mass, area, weight, and volume; although they may not be able to achieve them all at the same time (McLeod 6). They can now mentally reverse the direction of their thoughts and learn how to add and subtract. The child can memorize and trace his way home or remember where was the last place they left an object. Finally, the formal operational stage is the last stage of the cognitive development. This stage begins at the age of eleven on to adulthood. During this time, people develop the ability to sustain abstract concepts, such as logical thoughts, deductive reasoning, and systematic planning (Okamoto 108). The person can now comprehend all the possible ways in which he can solve a problem and can approach it in different points of view. The experiment done in this stage is the Pendulum Task, and it is used to find the key feature of manipulation of ideas in the head, such as abstract reasoning. The pendulum task consist of three factors, the length of the string, the heaviness of the weight, and the strength of the push in order to determine the speed of swing of the pendulum. The idea was to try the experimental method of using one same variable every time. If a teenager would tried different lengths with different weights is likely to be getting the wrong answer. Dr. Boeree states that there are four possible ways: conjunction, disjunction, implication, and incompatibility. In this experiment, conjunction is when both the string’s length and the pendulum’s weight make a difference. Disjunction would be with it is either the length or the weight but not both. Implication is the formation of a hypothesis, if this happens then this will occur. Lately, incompatibility is when the cause does not make an effect that was first hypothesized. McLeod quotes, â€Å"Operate on operations not just concrete objects† (McLeod 6). This simply means that the person has developed an inner value system and a sense of moral judgment that will be necessary for life purposes. When it comes to schools and learning abilities, harmless experiments can be used on a child in order to know what stage he or she is in and how the school administration, teachers, and other staffs can help the child out in his learning. At times a child that takes these experiments can excel and is then placed in a higher level where he or she can learn at his pace. When a child is put in a lower class level, he can tend to get bored and then will have no need no drive to want to excel to his abilities. These experiments can also help children when they have dyslexia and need accommodations for their learning skills. Knowing and understanding these stages is not only beneficial for the students and children but also for the adults. Parents, teachers, and other adults can understand how a child best learns and that  way attend them with individual learning, flexibility in the curriculum, and play with them to increase the child’s learning development. Jean Piaget was a curious person when it came to children and how they their minds developed. He has changed how people view the children’s world and the methods in which children are studied. His ideas were put to use to understand and be able to communication with children, pertaining to the educational field. In the cognitive development theory, schema occurs first followed by the four stages of development: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Bibliography Boeree, George C. â€Å"Jean Piaget.† Personality Theories (2006). Web. 21 Oct. 2013. http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html. McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Jean Piaget- Cognitive Theory.† Simply Psychology (2009). Web. 15 Oct. 2013. http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html. Okamoto. Sanae Barth, et al. â€Å"Development Of Using Experimenter-Given Cues In Infant Chimpanzees: Longitudinal Changes In Behavior And Cognitive Development.† Developmental Science 11.1 (2008): 98-108. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Unknown. â€Å"Jean Piaget’s Stage of Cognitive Development.† ICELS Blog (2013). Web. 21 Oct. 2013. http://www.icels-educators-for-learning.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=61.

Customer Service Plan Essay

Customer service and commitment to our customers has been the driving force behind our brand. Widget strive to get it right first time, everytime.Incases where things don’t come out right we believe our professional workers will strive to correct the problem and our customers have the right to know what level of service they can expect from us all the time even in these times when we fall short of the very high standards we have set ourselves. Through our Vision and mission statement we make a commitment to our customers both internal and external. Mission Statement Passionate about exceeding the delivery of our customers’ service expectations by providing the very best in professional, value engineered widgets through our ever growing nationwide team of professional, caring staff. Vision Statement To be Australia’s number one national provider of quality widgets by empowering our staff to deliver our customers with the very best in quality, value and service. Our Product standards Our product is manufactured in strict accordance with the Australian quality standards and also taking into account the use of which our customers will subject our product. Our internal policies and quality standards support the high quality standards set in our vision and mission statement.Our product specifications are clearly presented in all our packaging materials and tested during the production process to ensure all tolerance limits are adhered to. Our main product is 12 mm black hole plugs which are made of plastic to cover ,conseal and decorate 12 mm diameter holes in cabinets,furniture,window frames,vinyl fences and elsewhere.Fits any 12mm diameter holes. These hole cover widgets practically work anywhere indoors and out .These are made from our factory with high –impact injection molded  plastic. These can come from different sizes as requested by our customers. All our products have a small tolelance limit of +1% or -1%. Specifications. Our product range will have the following features. Color:it will come in the range of black ,white or grey Fits hole size :12mm or as requested by customer Diameter:12 mm Length: 6mm Top diameter:15 mm Material:Polypropylene. Tolelance limit:plus or minus 1% Widgets outlines its description of its product in the policy and communicated to the customer to allow the customer to make any queries or complaints incase the product received its off specification. Pricing Widget ensures that its products are properly priced so that customers are able to afford the goods as well as profitability is maintained to allow the company invest in the quality and standards initiatives of the products. Widgets pricing is well thought as we do in other sectors of the business like marketing and branding, the price the customer sees on display is the price customers pay. There are no hidden costs. Our standard product 12 mm fits hole size will cost 12AUD /dozen and customers are requested to enquire from the customer service team for prices of any changes requested to the standard product. Delivery of goods Widgets aim to deliver all orders made either online or face to face within three days of the order being made.We aim to have a delivery process which ensures a reliable, secure and efficient service. If delays occur during deliveries and extra time may be required, customers will be contacted urgently to alert them of the next delivery times or else they can call our Despatch department directly on 1300 880 370. One day prior to your delivery we will SMS all of the important delivery information about your order to your mobile. If all the information is correct you will only need to text back OK. If there are any details that are not correct or you wish to change your delivery date please ring us on 1300 880 370. In order to offer our customers a better delivery service these terms and conditions replace any delivery and pickup conditions stated on your order form. TERMS & CONDITIONS: 1. It is important that someone is at the receaving end to receive delivery of your purchase on the designated day. No specific time of delivery can be provided. A four hour time frame will be advised but cannot be guaranteed. 2. A minimum delivery fee of $75 (outside the Metropolitan area) is payable separately to the Carrier in cash or bank cheque. Delivery is free inside the Metropolitan area 3. Cash or bank cheque must be used to pay any balance of monies owing at time of delivery. Personal/Company cheques will NOT be accepted. For your convenience we can accept credit cards in store 48 hours prior to delivery, surcharges may apply. 4. Once arrangement for a delivery day is confirmed, there will be a minimum re-delivery charge of $75 if no person is at the delivery address on the day of delivery or the delivery is cancelled by the customer on day of delivery. 5. When receiving goods, please inspect thoroughly before signing â€Å"Received in good order† as any claims for scratches, marks, dents or other damages will not be accepted once signed. 6. Failure to collect or take delivery of the goods beyond 21 days from the date of contact by our despatch department will result in the sales order being cancelled and all monies paid will be forfeited. 7. All original packing & wrapping will be left at the premises (delivery address). CUSTOMER PICK UPS Customer collection of goods purchased from Widgets stores can also be  collected by the customer in any of our distribution centres.. The customer must contact the Delivery department prior to pick up on 1300 880 370 to make an appointment. Same day pickup is not available. Pickup times at Distribution Centers Customers: Monday to Thursday – 10:00am – 12:30pm & 1:30pm – 3:00pm Carriers: Friday ONLY Other Policies and Procedures Customer needs Widget believes that it is important that customers needs are regularly reviewd to ensure that its products are inline with the changing times. Therefore time and again Widget carries out research to identify these needs and implement changes identified. Widget uses the RATER model to identify its customers needs since customers when assessing what they want will consider the reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness as they are being assisted. Using the RATER guide Widget will use the following techniques to gather customer needs Informal face to face discussions for its key customers Telephone interviews Email surveys Suggestion boxes Internet surveys. All information gathered for customers is protected by the Privacy act 1988 including how the information is collected,used and disclosed,its accuracy and how securely it is kept and general rights to access that information. Widget has a dedicated Customer service research officer who is responsible for ensuring that all customer data collected is securely kept and used for  its intended purpose only. Complaints and feedback If you have a complaint or if there is anything we can help you with, please let us know.Widget values feedback and appreciate the opportunity to follow up. Widget deals with all people from diversi background and does not discriminate anyone on the basis of age ,race,disability or sex. Our policy take into account the Age discrimination act 2004,Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986,Disability Discrimination ACT 1992,Racial discrimination Act 1975 and Sex Discrimination Act 1984. There are a number of ways you can contact us to lodge your complain and includes our Email at Widget123.gmail.com or phone at 08100300 or mail at Widget Australia,3/77 Manning street ,Bentley ,6102. Or you can also connect with us via Twitter or facebook Complain resolution process and timeframes Once we receive your complaints, we may ask you to provide supporting or documentation to aid us in investigations. This may include proof of identity, statutory declaration, receipts and so on. We aim to resolve complaints within 5 working days, however please note that some complaints may take longer to investigate especially matters to do with international orders. Managing records and data. Widgets collects alot of data of customers including physical addresses, names,date of birth and many more information. The Customer service research officer is responsible for keeping the data securely and is sorted by our secure information technology section. The Privacy Act 1988(â€Å"the Act†)  governs the obligations and responsibilities of companies in relation to the management of official records. Under this Act, each company has an obligation to maintain official records in its custody in good order and condition. This obligation applies not only to the capture, storage, maintenance and disposal of physical records, but also to records in electronic format. Widget policy is governed by this act and all measures necessary are taken to ensure that compliance is maintained.