Climate Resilient Cropping on Lentil System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Climate Resilient Cropping on Lentil System. Answer: Introduction Lentils have been considered as one of the most useful crop all over the world, which is useful for consumption as well as for the marketing purpose. It is considered as one of the oldest crops grown domestically in Australia. The Australian grown lentils have been broadly divided into two categories such as red lentils and green lentils. Each type of the lentils has different uses and benefits in the markets. However, there are varieties of factors that affect the growth of lentils in Australia such as right variety seeds, soil and other resources required for crop rotation. Lentils require a lot of care while sowing and harvesting. This is because it is a highly sensitive crop and requires right climate, soils, fertilizers and saline level. Various factors influence the growth of lentils in Australia as well. Further, lentils are grown in varieties, which can support every meal in the country (Grdc 2017). The essay discusses about the factors that drives the production of lentils i n Australia. Further, it divides the drivers into positive and negative ones that have different effects. Various negative and positive factors that drives lentils production in Australia is analyzed in the paper. Lentils are regarded as one of the healthiest food items; there are also various types of lentils that are available all over the world. Consumption of lentils in Australia has observed an increasing trend although it is already popular in the Mediterranean region as well as in India. Each of them taste different and also look different form one another. After the Green Revolution the overall crop production of crops had increased almost about two and a half times. Most of the lentils which are grown in Australia are exported and this adds to a staggering $201 million to the Australian grains export industry .With technological advances and improved knowledge about agricultural techniques the production of crops has increase exponentially. Lentils are also considered to be one of the oldest domestic crops in Australia 8 (Agtrans 2013). Depending upon the cotyledon colour the lentils that are grown in Australia can be segregated in two segments red and green. In Australia lentils most ly grow in the semi-arid regions where the pattern of rainfall is mostly during the winter season, Victoria and South Australia has the maximum lentil agricultural facility in terms of soil and weather conditions as stated above. While harvesting it should be kept in mind that the lintels should not be mixed and should be harvested separately. Positive drivers: Sustainable Agriculture: sustainability is the smart approach to any idea especially when it comes to agriculture. The diverse and versatile nature of lentils makes it a financially supportive rotational crop option. Lentils have the capability to fix nitrogen to the soil for a following cereal or oilseed crop to use. This approach has gained popularity and has boosted the production of lentils in Australia to a new height (Ghanem et al. 2017). Healthy food option: People all over the world are becoming more and more health conscious. To keep up with the busy schedule people are opting for more nutritious and healthy options in food items. As lentils have a range of nutritional advantages, it is obvious that the demand of lentils will increase and hence the production of the crops have also subsequently increased in Australia to keep up with the growing demand in both domestic as well as international market. As almost 95% of the lentils produced in Australia are exported the international market of lentil has to be given special attention. Lentils are high in protein and serve as the protein supplement for people who are vegetarian. Nutritionists also advice people to have lentils as per the health requirements. Lentil seeds contain 1-2% fat, 2432% proteins and minerals (iron, cobalt and iodine) and vitamins (lysine and arginine) (Phillips et al. 2014). Family preference: Lentils are consumed in large quantities in the Indian subcontinent, south central Asia, Middle East as well as the Mediterranean region. Lentils are one of the staple food items that are consumed by many families. As an old crop the people from areas aforementioned have traditional meals that consist of lentils. During the festivals or any special occasions lentils are consumed in large quantities. This is one of the main reasons for a stable demand for lentils. For example: in India, lentils are consumed by almost every household on a daily basis. Cooking convenience: todays world is fast paced and everyone has a crunch of time. People are always on the lookout for easy and less time consuming food recipes that will also be tasty and healthy at the same time. Lentils check out all the boxes that are mentioned above and hence there is an increase in demand for lentils in the international market. Canned foods are convenient as well but the preservative that are used in canned food or frozen food items can prove harmful to the health of a person. Hence lentils are a good substitute to canned foods. Lentils are not only healthy but also tasty and can be prepared in various ways like fermentation boiling, sprouting/germination, soaking, frying and dry-heat process (Khatun et al. 2016). Diverse use of lentil production: lentil is a versatile crop and there have been several uses of lentil crops that have been identified apart from consumption of human beings by cooking. Lentils are widely used to produce packaged snacks and it also has medicinal usage as well. The crops can also be used as animal feel; lentil straw is a low cellulose-containing fiber which can be consumed by animals. Furthermore, lentil vegetative parts can be used as green manure. All these factors add up to the increased usage and therefore increased demand in lentil production (Janzen et al. 2014). Technology: Research and development has extensively increased in the field of Agriculture after the green revolution. As mentioned lentils are extensively uses as rotational crops researchers have developed enhanced crop rotation methods. There is also a trend of using hybrid or better seeds which has positively affected the yield of the crops. Fertilizers are developed to enhance the growth of lentils to combat the demand for the crop (Hobson et al, 2006).. An innovative method of cultivation can be applied to lentil production as the crops are prone to lodging; HydraFlex draper is a grain harvesting technique that uses the contours of the grounds for its advantage. This procedure has the potential to increase the productivity of lentils by up to 15% owing to the fact that there are reduced rate of losses as more crops being saved from being damaged (Wiraguna et al. 2017). Adaptability of the crop: The lentil crops have the ability to adjust to soils conditions which are less favourable within it is a winter crop and hence it can also adapt to medium to less rainfall. Lentils have been observed to have an enhanced tolerance towards boron toxicity, salinity and also to the amount of sodium that is present in the soil. Several researches concerning Germplasm from around the world is used to give these attributes to the crop as Australian germplasm had a deficit of the features discussed. Selection in order to understand tolerance was conducted and only those plants which had had a high tolerance level were chosen as a source of germplasm (Kant et al. 2016). Support from the Australian Government: lentils production in Australia was comparatively lower than any other pulses; however there has been a boost in the process. There are mainly two areas in Australia where lentils are grown South Australia and Victoria. Nevertheless the pproduction of lentils crops has prominently increased since the year 2000 from 140,000 tonnes to over 250,000 tonnes. The production in South Australia is constantly rising whereas the production unit in Victoria has faced a decreasing trend in the lentil production. Over 75% of Australias lentils were produced in South Australia in the year 2015. Support from the authorities is evident from this significant rise in production. The present breeding goals and aims of Pulse Breeder Australia (PBA) are focused to improve the quality red and green lentil verities production. Increasing the yield of the crop, regional adaptation, disease resistance, toxicity tolerance, consistent colour, consistent size and consiste nt cooking time are some of the ways that are adopted by the PBA in order to ensure the quality of the lentil production is better. Emphasis has been laid in expanding as well as maintaining a genetic variability so that there is an increase in the genetic gains by the Australian breeding programs (Bourgault et al. 2017). Enhanced irrigation facility: Over-irrigation has a negative effect on lentils as is causes lodging. Nevertheless, at the time of dry springs, supplementary irrigation should be done in order to prevent yield losses (Davidson 2016). Other more profitable crops: farmers are looking for ways and means to earn profit and there are several other pulses that fetch profit in the market as lentils are comparatively cheaper than most food grains that are cultivated. Hence they prefer other crops even in rotation over lentils. This has a negative impact on the production of lentils in Australia. Most of the lentil produced in Australia is exported which indicates that there is still less demand for the crop in Australia compared to other parts of the world(Davidson 2016). Depletion of natural resources: The change in climatic conditions has been a matter of concern all over the world and agriculture is one sector that has been immensely affected by the climate change. Depletion of soil conditions with increased use of chemicals and fertilizers have largely impacted lentil production. It has also made crops prone to infections and diseases. Combating disease: there are three significantly popular diseases that have been identified among the lentil crops firstly: Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis) causes dark wound like scratches on the stem of the plant and causes it to wilt or bend. Some of the important management practices that can help fight this disease are variety selection, treatment of the seeds and fungicide sprays. Botrytis grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) is another disease in the lentil crops mostly found in the south Australian region. In this disease the base of the stem and the collar region of young plants are weakened, in these areas a scare like soft spot develops which is covered by mossy grey mould, infected seed is white and chalky in appearance with the help of research and development in the agricultural field cure for this disease has also been identified. Continuous monitoring of the fields is required in order to keep a check on the growth of the disease. The next problem is Phoma, it is a seed-b orne infection the outcome of which is in the form of discoloration of the root from where the seed is attached to the plant. The discoloration may extend throughout the root and can cause wound like situation at the bottom of the stem. In these cases, Rotation of the crops can be used as a way to avoid consequent infestations (Delahunty et al 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there is no single factor that could affect the productivity of lentils in Australia. Various factors together play the role of affecting the growth of lentils in Australia and these factors are both positive and negative. Positive factors that affects Sustainable Agriculture, family preference, healthy food options, technology, cooking convenience and others. On the other hand, negative factors are Depletion of natural resources, combating disease, growing other imp crops and others. These are some of the important drivers of assisting the production of lentils in Australia where market for lentils are extensive and crucial for the economy. A positive factor helps in driving up the productivity level of lentils, whereas, negative factors bring down the production level. Thus, it is important the economy increase their positive factors and reduce the negative factors in order to gain more production of lentils. Reference List: Agtrans Research, 2013. An Economic Analysis of GRDC Investment in the Lentil Breeding Program management, Kingston: Grains Research Development Corporation. Bourgault, M., Brand, J., Tausz-Posch, S., Armstrong, R.D., OLeary, G.L., Fitzgerald, G.J. and Tausz, M., 2017. Yield, growth and grain nitrogen response to elevated CO 2 in six lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars grown under Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) in a semi-arid environment.European Journal of Agronomy,87, pp.50-58. Davidson, J., Smetham, G., Russ, M.H., McMurray, L., Rodda, M., Krysinska-Kaczmarek, M. and Ford, R., 2016. Changes in aggressiveness of the Ascochyta lentis population in southern Australia.Frontiers in plant science,7. Delahunty, A., Nuttall, J., Nicolas, M. and Brand, J., 2015, September. Genotypic heat tolerance in lentil. InProceedings of the 17th ASA Conference(pp. 20-24). Ghanem, M. E., Guiguitant, J. and Sinclair, T. R., 2017. Opportunities to improve the seasonal dynamics of water use in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to enhance yield increase in water-limited environments.Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture,4(1), 22. Grdc.com.au. (2017).Pulse market update factors likely to impact supply demand and pricing in the next six to twelve months - GRDC. [online] Available at: https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2016/08/pulse-market-update-factors-likely-to-impact-supply-demand-and-pricing [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Hobson, K., Armstrong, R., Nicolas, M., Connor, D. and Materne, M., 2006 . Response of lentil (Lens culinaris) germplasm to high concentrations of soil boron.Euphytica,151(3), 371-382. Janzen, J. P., Brester, G. W. and Smith, V. H., 2014. Lentils: Trends in Production, Trade, and Price.Montana State University Agricultural Marketing Policy Center briefing paper,61. Kant, P., Materne, M., Rodda, M. S. and Slater, A. T., 2017. Screening lentil germplasm for stemphylium blight resistance.Australasian Plant Pathology,46(2), 129-136. Khatun, S., Mondal, M. M. A., Khalil, M. I., Mollah, M. M. I. and Kamruzzaman, M., 2016. Impact of Morpho-Physiological Traits on Seed Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Phillips, T., Zello, G. A., Chilibeck, P. D. and Vandenberg, A., 2014. Perceived Benefits and Barriers Surrounding Lentil Consumption in Families with Young Children.Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research,76(1), 3-8. Wiraguna, E., Malik, A. I. and Erskine, W., 2017. Waterlogging tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) germplasm associated with geographic origin.Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,64(3), 579-586. Agriculture.vic.gov.au. (2017).Growing Lentil | Crop production | Grains and other crops | Agriculture | Agriculture Victoria. [online] Available at: https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-lentil [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Dahal, D., Ghosh, J. and Chhetri, B., 2017. Impact of Chemical Free Bio-Accelerated Climate Resilient Cropping on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) Growth and Yield against Conventional Farming System under Rainfed Condition.Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci,6(2), pp.1004-1015. Fowler, C. (2017).SA's record-breaking lentil crop on the move. [online] ABC Rural. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-04-25/sach-record-lentil-crop/8465678 [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Ghanem, M.E., Marrou, H., Biradar, C. and Sinclair, T.R., 2015. Production potential of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in East Africa.Agricultural Systems,137, pp.24-38. Kahraman, A., Khan, M.K., Pandey, A. and Dogan, E., 2016. Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Lentil Yield and Growth in Semi-Arid Environment.Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,44(1), p.237. Lizarazo, C.I., Lampi, A.M., Liu, J., Sontag?Strohm, T., Piironen, V. and Stoddard, F.L., 2015. Nutritive quality and protein production from grain legumes in a boreal climate.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,95(10), pp.2053-2064. Pulseaus.com.au. (2017).Pulse Australia - Lentil. [online] Available at: https://pulseaus.com.au/growing-pulses/bmp/lentil [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Yadav, N.K., Ghimire, S.K., Shrestha, S.M., Sah, B.P., Sarker, A. and Sah, S.K., 2017. Source of resistant against Fusarium wilt and Stemphylium blight in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus).International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology,5(1), pp.102-107.

Saudi Arabi Government an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Saudi Arabi Government A government can be referred to an organization that has law or authority over the land of its inhabitants. It has the power to make rules and laws that are supposed to lead its people. Need essay sample on "Saudi Arabi Government" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Different types of governments exist in the world that rule over their people and have also formed their democratic boundaries. Anarchy, representative democracy and socialist dictatorship are among the governments that are in existence in our vast world. In choosing the best type of government for Saudi Arabia which is basically a Muslim state, a representative democracy would be the suitable one to bring to gradually bring to the autocratic leadership that has been there for ages. In differentiating this, a comparison with the other forms of government is important to realize the benefits of the democratic government as opposed to one such as an anarchist or dictatorship one. An anarchist government has no mandate to any one. The people are liberal and do not have to be answerable to any one as no form of authority exists. There is no guided rules on the land that exhibits a lawless people, meaning disorder is inevitable. This type of government that disowns authoritarian rule in pursuance of freedom depends on inpidual morality to build the nation. The only advantage of this society is that the people are not guided by rules imposed on them but on their own free will. This in other sense is seen as a disadvantage because morals can not be built on unchecked behaviors, and this type of government is often characterized by high levels of insecurity and infighting due to different demands of groups of people as the way best o develop. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment today? Professionals Are Creating Successful College Custom Essays! Best Student Essay Writing Company Write My Essay Pay For College Papers Buy Essay An example of this type of government is Somalia since 1991 when Siad Barres authority as president over the country failed and led to a crumble in the legal system. The socialist dictatorship government is not also a favorable one for a nation such as Saudi Arabia since the nation is led by one or a group who people who have their own interests at heart and not that of the people they serve. This type of government that can also be described as autocratic is distinguished from others due to the hold of political mightiness by single inpidual(s) over long periods. Manipulation of laws in their favor is forced so as to keep them in authority. This consequently leads to corrupt governments full of greed which can be exemplified in the Russian czars who were living in palaces made of gold while the Russian peasants would wallow with hunger in the streets. In addition, dictatorial governments do not receive accurate information and blunders are often implemented that hurt the nation. (Kangas S, 1996) On the other hand, a democratic government which would be recommended for Saudi Arabia is one governed indirectly by the people of the land. This type of government is the best contrary to the rest because there is equitable share of power to manage the state resources. The universally recognized freedoms as well as liberties are excreted justifiably among all the citizens. Furthermore, freedom to speak ones mind is tolerated as well as equal and fair representation on law. In reference to maintaining a democratic government in Saudi Arabia, laws would be developed to ensure equitable share of the states resources as a persion from this will lead to polarization of the country and lead to fights that end up destroying the creditability of this form of governance. The important laws that should be put in place to ensure development of a democracy in Saudi Arabia would have to start with the basic law that makes the state to be observed as authority. A violation of this law would be termed treason and the violator would be subjected to prosecution through imprisonment. The laws that would come in would include: Laws on labor Laws on land and its ownership Laws on the general security services Laws on protection and preservation of holy sites Laws on prohibition of money laundering Laws on companies Laws on international relations Basic law on the government functions and laws on the right to life. Their utter violation would be fostered by imprisonment as well as fines. The basic and most important rights for the public would be conveyed, namely: Everybody should have the right to life in secure and conducive surroundings. Nobody should be treated as if he/she is a slave. Nobody should be put to torture of any means. Everyone has the primary right to file a suit for violations done to him or her. No one shall be put into police custody for no apparent reason. Every inpidual has the right to move to anywhere he or she likes. Everyone should be obliged to be a citizen of a given state. Everyone would have the right to his or her own privacy where place he/she is in. No one would be denied his/her property that he/she lawfully owns. Everybody would have education if so wished. (General Assembly of the UN, 1984) These rights will be categorically stated and lawfully written for they are universally welcomed. A court system would be put in place to ensure the right of free hearing from an impartial law tribunal. However, to encompass the long practiced Sharia law, state judges would be put in different positions to enable the evolution of a democratic judicial system. The criminal court will contain a prosecutor and a lawyer for the accused would be included. Prosecution in form of fines would be awarded and in other cases bail would be issued as investigations coupled with court hearings continue. Plea bargains would also be constituted to hasten settlement of cases. The grand jury will be involved in pre and post trial motions that will succeed sentencing. Appeals would also be agreed upon if the outcomes of the sentencing are not accepted. (Slapper G., Slapper K., Kelly D., 2006) A centralized police system would be introduced that would spread from the national level, state, federal and municipal levels. The importance of the police system would be to curb crime. This will encompass enforcement agencies, police departments, special branch police agencies, sheriffs departments and municipal police departments. There would be a correctional system that will have prisons. The importance of prisons is to create a general feeling of safety for the public since the criminals are securely locked away somewhere. The correctional system would help in rehabilitating offenders before they get back to the general public in a safe and organized manner. The prisoners will be given rights so that they are not violated when they are serving their time. Conclusion essay: A Saudi Arabian democratic government would be the best option in eliminating dictatorial leadership more especially in this Muslim states. If accepted well, then it might even see all the other Islamic States following suit. However, this is a sensitive strategy as the autocratic Islamic governance has existed for long and embodied well in the culture of the people. Here a careful approach should be thought of that should not be accompanied by imposition of this form of governance. If the people feel that this is an infringement of what they have known and continue to practice, resentment will be directed to this system as it will be considered an indirect way of colonizing the Islamic world from the centaury of practices passed on from generation to generation. References: Slapper G., Slapper K., Kelly D., (2006). The English Legal System. Edition: 6. Routledge Cavendish. Kangas S, (1996). In Defense of Democratic Government. Retrieved on 18th April 2009. General Assembly of the United Nations, (1984). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved on 18th April 2009

Final draft short story Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Final draft short story Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Creative writing Final draft short story It was a hot summer day in Bethlehem, USA, all the kids were coming home for their summer vacations. The town that was once calm and peaceful, was now crowded. Everyone was complaining about all those noisy kids in town, but deep down they were very happy, everybody loved that time of the year. Those noisy kids were the ones who brought life to that small town. Stephen, the hot guy in town was there, all the girls dreamed about him. He was tall and athletic, he had a golden blonde hair, and eyes as blue as the sky in summer; there wasnt one girl who didnt at least once dreamed about him. Oh wait, there was Sara, Sara didnt stand Stephen. According to her, Stephen was to full of himself. Let me explain why, Stephen was the son of the mayor, he had some jerk friends, and he dated a girl who would be a perfect witch if she knew how to cast spells. Now, its hard to believe that a person surrounded by people who would be perfect villains in a movie is a nice guy. Yes I know its funny, but its real, Stephen was a really good guy. Sara was short, she had red hair, green eyes and freckles on her cheeks, which was something she hated, but I personally thought it was very cute. She was the Pastor's daughter. Therefore, there were certain things that the others did, but she couldnt. For example, she couldnt go to parties because her father wouldnt let her. He even controlled what she wore every day, poor Sara if she had a dress or a skirt above her knees, shorts? Forget it, he would look at them as if he was seeing the devil itself. Pastor Thomas was very strict. There was a welcome party, which the popular guys organized every year, and only the popular guys and girls in town went to that party. This year it would be different, they would invite everyone in town, and Lindsay and her friends would take care of every single detail to make sure nothing went wrong. The party was going to be at Stephens house, they would have all kinds of food, mexican, American, chinese, and many others. As for the drinks, since they were underage, they were not allowed to have alcoholic drinks, but since Ryan and Chris, Stephens friends were so smart, when it comes to parties of course, because at school it was a whole different story. But never mind, they found out a way to sneak alcohol into the party without anyone knowing. Lindsay was Stephen's girlfriend; every girl in town was jealous of her. She was what we call "the hot girl," tall, with a perfect blonde hair and a body that even the world's most famous supermodel would want. However, even with all that outside beauty, Lindsay was very ugly on the inside. She once cut a girl's hair because she didnt like the color, can you imagine these? She dropped a bucket full of white paint on Camila's head the day she was performing in the town's local auditorium. Lindsay was just awful. So, the party was on Saturday, everyone wanted to go as pretty as they could, specially the girls. Sara was invited too, and after a war to convince her father to let her go, she finally did it. Now, the problem was what to wear. All the girls were looking for the best outfit, but they had to be very careful not to outshine Lindsay, the princess of the town, or worse, not to wear the same thing as her. Last year, the girl that wore a bracelet that looked kind of like hers, was thrown into the lake. Fortunately she is alive, but she is now traumatized and doesnt want to go to one of these parties again. Finally Saturday, Lindsay as usual was stunning, she wore a short blue dress that showed a little bit more than we wanted to see, she had her hair pulled into a perfect ponytail and a perfect makeup of course. Stephen was also there, he had a red polo

Pros and Cons of Whole Group Discussion

Pros and Cons of Whole Group Discussion ​ Whole Group Discussion is  a method of teaching that involves a modified form of classroom lecture. In this model, the focus is shared between the instructor and the students throughout the information exchange. Typically, an instructor will stand before a class and present information for the students to learn but the students will also participate by answering questions and providing examples. Pros of Whole Group Discussion as a Teaching Method Many teachers support this method as whole group discussions typically provide greater interaction between teacher and students. It provides a surprising amount of flexibility in the classroom, despite the lack of the traditional lecture. In this model, instructors give up the format of dictating the lecture and instead control what is being taught by steering the discussion. Here are a few other positive outcomes from this teaching method: Auditory learners find them appealing to their learning style.Teachers can check on what students are retaining through questions posed.Whole group discussion is comfortable for many teachers because it is a modified form of the lecture.Students have a tendency to stay focused on the lesson because they might be called on to answer questions.Students may feel more comfortable asking questions during whole group discussions. Cons of Whole Group Discussion as a Teaching Method: Whole group discussions can be unsettling for some teachers, as they require setting up and enforcing ground rules for students. If these rules are not enforced then there is a possibility that the discussion could quickly go off-topic. This requires strong classroom management, something that can be a challenge for inexperienced teachers. A few other drawbacks of this option include: Students who are weak in note-taking skills will have trouble understanding what they should remember from group discussions. This is even more so than in lectures in many cases because not only the teacher but fellow students are talking about the lesson.Some students may not feel comfortable being put on the spot during a whole group discussion. Strategies for Whole Group Discussions Many of the strategies below can help prevent the cons created by whole class discussions. Think-Pair-Share:  This technique is popular in the lower elementary grades to encourage speaking and listening skills. First,  ask  students  to think  about their response to a question, then ask them to pair up  with another person (usually someone nearby). The pair  discusses their response, and then they  share that response with the larger group. Philosophical Chairs:  In this strategy, the teacher reads a  statement that has only two possible response: to agree or to disagree. Students move to one side of the room marked agree or to the other marked disagree. Once they are in these two groups, students take turns defending their positions. NOTE: This is also an excellent way to introduce new concepts to the class to see what students know or do not know about a particular topic. Fishbowl: Perhaps the most well-known of classroom discussion strategies, a fishbowl is organized with  two-four students who sit facing each other in the center of the room. All the other students sit in a circle around them. Those students seated in the center discuss the question or predetermined topic (with notes). Students on the outside circle, take notes on the discussion or on the techniques used. This exercise is a good way  to have students practice discussion techniques using follow-up  questions, elaborating on another person’s point or paraphrasing. In a variation, students on the outside may provide quick notes (fish food) by passing them to students on the inside for use in their discussion. Concentric Circles Strategy:  Organize students into  two circles, one outside circle and one inside  circle so that each student on the inside is paired with a  student on the outside. As they face each other, the teacher poses a question to the whole group. Each pair discusses how to respond.   After this brief discussion, the students on the outside circle move one space to the right. This will mean each student will be part of a new pair.  The teacher can have them share the results of that discussion or pose a new question.  The process can be repeated several times during a class period. Pyramid Strategy: Students begin this strategy in pairs and  respond  to a discussion question with a single partner. At a signal from the teacher,  the first pair joins another pair which creates a group of four. These groups of four share their (best) ideas. Next, the groups of four move to form groups of eight in order to share their best ideas. This grouping can continue until  the whole class is joined up in one large discussion. Gallery Walk: Different stations are set up around the classroom, on the walls or on tables. Students  travel from station to station in small groups. They perform a task or respond to a prompt. Small discussions are encouraged at each station. Carousel Walk:  Posters are set up around the classroom, on the walls or on tables. Students are divided into small groups, one group to a poster. The group brainstorms and reflects on the questions or ideas by writing on the poster for a specific duration of time. At a signal, the groups move in a circle (like a carousel) to the next poster. They read what the first group has written, and then add their own thoughts by brainstorming and reflecting. Then at another signal, all groups move again (like a carousel) to the next poster. This continues until all the posters have been read and have responses. NOTE: The time should be shortened after the first round. Each station helps students to process new information and read the thoughts and ideas of others.   Final Thoughts: Whole group discussions are an excellent teaching method when used in conjunction with other methods. Instruction should be varied from day to day to help reach the most students possible. Teachers need to provide their students with note taking skills before starting discussions. It is important that teachers be good at managing and facilitating discussions. Questioning techniques are effective for this. Two questioning techniques that teachers employ is to increase their wait time after questions are asked and to only ask one question at a time.

Drug policy in Mexico and Colombia Research Paper - 1

Drug policy in Mexico and Colombia - Research Paper Example South America, in stark contrast to its other counterpart North America or U.S.A, the world of riches as we know it, has long being plagued with the curse of poverty and deprivation coupled with alarmingly low levels of overall development. It is known that poverty, chronic unemployment and underemployment and illiteracy often give birth to crimes and Latin America has been no different. In Mexico, unemployment is around 20% while underdevelopment is just the double of unemployment (Gilbert 22). Drug trafficking, with all its vices in this context has been alleged as the prime concern spreading its â€Å"wings† with each passing day not only in Latin American nations but also in the U.S and the whole world. Countries like Mexico and Colombia have been the main architects of drug trafficking throughout the American sub-continent. In the early’80s Colombia used to be the main exporter of drugs and narcotics throughout the world, but with the Colombian government policy ge tting more stringent, Colombian drug-lords started using Mexico, mainly due to its suitable geographic locations to export drugs through Mexico to the U.S. (Rosin, 2). Mexico One prime social policy taken by the Mexican government towards curtailing the drug trafficking is to decrease violence in the Mexican drug market and reduce increasing crime frequency to controllable levels (Venda Felbeb-Brown,1). The ongoing drug war in Mexico is mainly an armed conflict among the several drug cartels fighting each other for market control and also with the Government armed forces installed to fight drug trafficking. Mexico is the main supplier of heroin in U.S.

High School Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

High School Violence - Essay Example Using the research questions and assumptions used in Chapter I, the researcher developed a research survey questionnaire that was presented in Chapter III. For Chapter V, the researcher will come up with a conclusion based on the quantitative and qualitative data analysis and the research findings presented in Chapter IV. Right after discussing the study conclusion, the student will discuss about the implications for teaching practices including some implications for future research. The research questions in the study were answered using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research questionnaires that was distributed to randomly selected participants between the age brackets of 14 – 18 years old at (name of US high school) and (name of US high school). Eventually, the research survey results was compared to the research findings that was reported by the National School Safety Center: Review of School Safety Research (2006) including the Childhood experience and the personal relationship of each individual with the parents significantly affect the behavior of each individual. Since the development of a child’s attitude starts at home, parents are considered to be responsible in the psychological, mental, and behavioral development of their children. Likewise, the school teachers also have a role to play in terms of disciplining the students whereas students in general could easily track down possible causes of school violence more than the school teachers or parents since these young individuals are more closely involved with other children who are capable of committing violent acts. Since parents, teachers, and students are among the three most important groups that actively participate in school activities, the research study concluded that it is important for these groups to be given a special role to play in the prevention of school violence. Encouraging these people to

Interracial Marriage Essay Example for Free

Interracial Marriage Essay Marriage has been a union between a man and a woman for over hundreds of years. Whether or not it was their choice depended on what time period we were living in. There was a time when young women were promised to older men in order to keep their families in good reverence. There was even a time when a marriage was planned from the moment two wealthy, royal families popped out a boy and a girl. However, today it is mainly that man and woman’s choice, because they simply long to be with one another for the rest of their lives. If they do, however, change their minds, there is always divorce. So what if someone told you that you could not marry someone based on the color of their skin? Times have changed and that should no longer attribute to why a man and a woman should not be brought together in holy union. Be that as it may, some citizens of today’s society are willing to retrogress; losing sight of how much America went through in order to obtain the right of interracial marriage. Most people would think that the only type of marriage that is at threat of being condemned as illegal is gay marriage, but that is wrong. There are actually a few states that would also have interracial marriage as illegal. The Atlantic Wire states that â€Å"about 60 percent of these Southern Republicans are hearkening back to a time†¦when the American mainstream overwhelmingly looked down on people with different shades of skin getting married.† Like afore mentioned, marriage is a choice between two people not an entire government. Not only are we going back in time by making interracial marriage illegal, but we are also violating people’s rights. This violates the constitution! The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal rights to all American citizens especially the inclusion of African Americans who were not before. If we take away the right of interracial marriage, we will be segregating a whole group of people from our society. Today’s generation holds millions of interracial children, teenagers, and adults. How will they ever get the opportunity to reproduce and find love if they are limited to someone with the same racial background? For example, if a male is a combination of Hawaiian, African-American, and Chinese, how likely will the chances be to find another individual exactly like him? It seems irrational and  animal-like. We are not separate species that will only mate upon a mating call or by a trigger of hormones; we are human beings for crying out loud. Segregation ended years ago, no one wants to go back to a time where we were forced to drink from separate drinking fountains. One might think that this speculation of events is rather extreme, but honestly how else will society react if we ban interracial marriage? People will still fraternize with different races and soon others will peer onto them with the same disgust they direct towards gay couples. There will be an outbreak of